diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/ActiveDashboardView.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/ActiveDashboardView.swift
index b35a0c6..3f7c749 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/ActiveDashboardView.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/ActiveDashboardView.swift
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import SwiftUI
     @Environment(\.scenePhase) private var scenePhase
     @EnvironmentObject private var environments: ExtensionEnvironments
     @EnvironmentObject private var profile: ExtensionProfile
-    @StateObject private var coordinator = DashboardViewModel()
+    @ObservedObject private var coordinator: DashboardViewModel
     @State private var cardConfigurationVersion = 0
     #if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
         @State private var showCardManagement = false
@@ -18,20 +18,25 @@ import SwiftUI
 
     private let externalCardConfigurationVersion: Int?
 
-    public init(externalCardConfigurationVersion: Int? = nil) {
+    public init(coordinator: DashboardViewModel, externalCardConfigurationVersion: Int? = nil) {
+        _coordinator = ObservedObject(wrappedValue: coordinator)
         self.externalCardConfigurationVersion = externalCardConfigurationVersion
     }
 
     public var body: some View {
+        viewContent
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder private var viewContent: some View {
         if coordinator.isLoading {
-            ProgressView().onAppear {
-                coordinator.onEmptyProfilesChange = {
-                    environments.emptyProfiles = $0
+            ProgressView()
+            #if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
+                .onAppear {
+                    Task {
+                        await coordinator.reload()
+                    }
                 }
-                Task {
-                    await coordinator.reload()
-                }
-            }
+            #endif
         } else {
             content.onAppear {
                 guard !ApplicationLibrary.inPreview, profile.status.isConnected else {
@@ -40,8 +45,7 @@ import SwiftUI
                 Task {
                     await coordinator.reloadSystemProxy()
                 }
-            }.onChangeCompat(of: profile.status) {
-                status in
+            }.onChangeCompat(of: profile.status) { status in
                 guard !ApplicationLibrary.inPreview, status == .connected else {
                     return
                 }
@@ -77,25 +81,21 @@ import SwiftUI
             } else {
                 environments.connect()
             }
-        }.onChangeCompat(of: scenePhase) {
-            phase in
+        }.onChangeCompat(of: scenePhase) { phase in
             guard phase == .active else {
                 return
             }
             environments.connect()
-        }.onChangeCompat(of: profile.status) {
-            status in
+        }.onChangeCompat(of: profile.status) { status in
             guard status.isConnected else {
                 return
             }
             environments.connect()
-        }.onReceive(environments.profileUpdate) {
-            _ in
+        }.onReceive(environments.profileUpdate) { _ in
             Task {
                 await coordinator.reload()
             }
-        }.onReceive(environments.selectedProfileUpdate) {
-            _ in
+        }.onReceive(environments.selectedProfileUpdate) { _ in
             Task {
                 await coordinator.updateSelectedProfile()
                 if profile.status.isConnected {
@@ -104,20 +104,16 @@ import SwiftUI
             }
         }
         #if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
-        .onReceive(environments.commandClient.$groups) {
-            _ in
+        .onReceive(environments.commandClient.$groups) { _ in
             updateButtonVisibility()
-        }.onReceive(environments.commandClient.$connections) {
-            _ in
+        }.onReceive(environments.commandClient.$connections) { _ in
             updateButtonVisibility()
-        }.onReceive(profile.$status) {
-            _ in
+        }.onReceive(profile.$status) { _ in
             updateButtonVisibility()
         }.onAppear {
             updateButtonVisibility()
         }
         #endif
-        .alert($coordinator.alert)
     }
 
     @ViewBuilder private var overviewPage: some View {
diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardView.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardView.swift
index 0265238..f5171d9 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardView.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardView.swift
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public struct DashboardView: View {
         content
             .onAppear {
                 coordinator.setOpenURL { openURL($0) }
+                coordinator.setEnvironments(environments)
                 #if os(macOS)
                     Task { await coordinator.reload() }
                 #endif
@@ -133,9 +134,9 @@ public struct DashboardView: View {
     @ViewBuilder
     private var activeDashboardView: some View {
         #if os(macOS)
-            ActiveDashboardView(externalCardConfigurationVersion: cardConfigurationVersion)
+            ActiveDashboardView(coordinator: coordinator, externalCardConfigurationVersion: cardConfigurationVersion)
         #else
-            ActiveDashboardView()
+            ActiveDashboardView(coordinator: coordinator)
         #endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardViewModel.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardViewModel.swift
index 5231f10..1d8cfbe 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardViewModel.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Dashboard/DashboardViewModel.swift
@@ -17,9 +17,13 @@ public final class DashboardViewModel: BaseViewModel {
         @Published public var systemExtensionInstalled = true
     #endif
 
-    public var onEmptyProfilesChange: ((Bool) -> Void)?
+    private weak var environments: ExtensionEnvironments?
     private var openURL: ((URL) -> Void)?
 
+    public func setEnvironments(_ environments: ExtensionEnvironments) {
+        self.environments = environments
+    }
+
     override public init() {
         super.init()
         isLoading = true
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ public final class DashboardViewModel: BaseViewModel {
             do {
                 profileList = try await ProfileManager.list().map { ProfilePreview($0) }
                 guard !profileList.isEmpty else {
-                    onEmptyProfilesChange?(true)
+                    environments?.emptyProfiles = true
                     return
                 }
 
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ public final class DashboardViewModel: BaseViewModel {
                 return
             }
         }
-        onEmptyProfilesChange?(profileList.isEmpty)
+        environments?.emptyProfiles = profileList.isEmpty
     }
 
     public func reloadSystemProxy() async {
diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Log/LogViewModel.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Log/LogViewModel.swift
index afe08cf..cce1550 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Log/LogViewModel.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Log/LogViewModel.swift
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ import SwiftUI
 #endif
 
 @MainActor
-public class LogViewModel: ObservableObject {
+public class LogViewModel: BaseViewModel {
     @Published public var selectedLogLevel: Int?
     @Published public var isPaused = false
     @Published public var searchText = ""
     @Published public var isSearching = false
     @Published public var filteredLogs: [LogEntry] = []
-    @Published public var alert: AlertState?
     @Published public var showFileExporter = false
     @Published public var logFileURL: URL?
 
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@ public class LogViewModel: ObservableObject {
 
     public init(commandClient: CommandClient) {
         self.commandClient = commandClient
+        super.init()
 
         let debouncedSearchText = $searchText
             .debounce(for: .milliseconds(300), scheduler: DispatchQueue.main)
diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/ServiceLogViewModel.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/ServiceLogViewModel.swift
index df8f6d5..6642171 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/ServiceLogViewModel.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/ServiceLogViewModel.swift
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ import Library
 import SwiftUI
 
 @MainActor
-final class ServiceLogViewModel: ObservableObject {
-    @Published var isLoading = true
+final class ServiceLogViewModel: BaseViewModel {
     @Published var content = ""
-    @Published var alert: AlertState?
+
+    override init() {
+        super.init()
+        isLoading = true
+    }
 
     var isEmpty: Bool {
         content.isEmpty
diff --git a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/SettingViewModel.swift b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/SettingViewModel.swift
index 9ff5898..286ddae 100644
--- a/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/SettingViewModel.swift
+++ b/ApplicationLibrary/Views/Setting/SettingViewModel.swift
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ import Library
 import SwiftUI
 
 @MainActor
-final class SettingViewModel: ObservableObject {
-    @Published var isLoading = true
+final class SettingViewModel: BaseViewModel {
     @Published var taiwanFlagAvailable = false
 
+    override init() {
+        super.init()
+        isLoading = true
+    }
+
     nonisolated func checkTaiwanFlagAvailability() async {
         let available: Bool
         if ApplicationLibrary.inPreview {
diff --git a/MacLibrary/MainViewModel.swift b/MacLibrary/MainViewModel.swift
index d21c862..168e5e8 100644
--- a/MacLibrary/MainViewModel.swift
+++ b/MacLibrary/MainViewModel.swift
@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ import Library
 import SwiftUI
 
 @MainActor
-public class MainViewModel: ObservableObject {
+public class MainViewModel: BaseViewModel {
     @Published public var selection = NavigationPage.dashboard
     @Published public var importProfile: LibboxProfileContent?
     @Published public var importRemoteProfile: LibboxImportRemoteProfile?
-    @Published public var alert: AlertState?
-
-    public init() {}
 
     public func onAppear(environments: ExtensionEnvironments) {
         environments.postReload()