feat: implement region file reassembly and improve bundle format

- Add fastutil and lz4-java dependencies for efficient data structures and compression
- Implement VarInt/VarLong serialization for more compact bundle headers
- Redesign bundle header format to include timestamps and use variable-length integers
- Replace GZIP-based compression with region file reassembly for better compression of chunk data
- Add RegionFile and RegionFileReassembler classes for handling Minecraft region files
- Implement configurable compression types (GZIP, ZLIB, LZ4, NONE) for region files
- Add timestamp filtering and duplicate handling to BundleReader
- Improve parallel processing capabilities with configurable worker threads
- Add JUnit 5 testing support and configure shadowJar minimization
- Update file extensions from .jpack to .jbp.zst for clarity
- Enhance error handling and logging throughout the codebase
- Add comprehensive region file manipulation including chunk-level recompression
- Implement memory-efficient region file parsing using Netty ByteBuf
- Add support for dictionary-based Zstd compression
- Update backup worker to use new bundle format
- Various performance optimizations and bug fixes

bundler/build.gradle

@@ -11,8 +11,20 @@ dependencies {
     compileOnly 'io.netty:netty-all:4.2.6.Final'
     api "io.ib67.kiwi:lang:1.2.3-SNAPSHOT"
     api 'io.netty:netty-all:4.2.6.Final'
+    api 'it.unimi.dsi:fastutil:8.5.15'
+    api 'org.lz4:lz4-java:1.8.0'
+    compileOnly 'org.lz4:lz4-java:1.8.0'
+    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.13.4'
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
 }
 
+shadowJar {
+    minimize()
+}
+
+test {
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+}
 
 jar {
     manifest {

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/BundleEntry.java

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler;
 
+/**
+ * Header Format:
+ * u16 MAGIC u64 time varint attribute varlong length varint length of name
+ * @param attribute
+ * @param time
+ * @param length
+ * @param name
+ */
 public record BundleEntry(
         short attribute,
-        long fileLen,
+        long time,
+        long length,
         String name
 ) {
-    public static short ATTR_GUNZIP = 1;
+    public static short ATTR_REASSEMBLE = 1;
     public static short MAGIC = (short) 0xA2E3;
 }

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/BundleReader.java

@@ -1,38 +1,90 @@
 package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler;
 
-import com.github.luben.zstd.Zstd;
 import com.github.luben.zstd.ZstdInputStreamNoFinalizer;
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFile;
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFileReassembler;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
+import lombok.Builder;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
-import java.nio.channels.Channels;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 
 public class BundleReader {
-    public static void extract(Path bundlePath, Path destination) throws IOException {
-        var buffer = new byte[4096];
-        try (var in = new EntryInputStream(
-                new ZstdInputStreamNoFinalizer(Files.newInputStream(bundlePath)))) {
+    protected final long maxTime;
+    protected final long minTime;
+    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+    protected final boolean skipOldEntry;
+    protected final ByteBufAllocator allocator;
+    protected final byte[] dict;
+
+    @Builder
+    public BundleReader(long maxTime, long minTime, boolean skipOldEntry, ByteBufAllocator allocator, byte[] dict) {
+        this.maxTime = maxTime == 0 ? Long.MAX_VALUE : maxTime;
+        this.minTime = minTime;
+        this.skipOldEntry = skipOldEntry;
+        this.allocator = allocator == null ? ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT : allocator;
+        this.dict = dict;
+    }
+
+    public void extract(Path bundle, Path destination) throws IOException {
+        var readMaps = new HashMap<String, Long>();
+        try (var zstd = new ZstdInputStreamNoFinalizer(Files.newInputStream(bundle, StandardOpenOption.READ));
+             var in = new EntryInputStream(zstd)) {
+            if (dict != null) zstd.setDict(dict);
             while (in.available() > 0) {
                 var entry = in.readEntry();
-                var len = entry.fileLen();
-                var dstPath = destination.resolve(Path.of(entry.name()));
-                if (Files.notExists(dstPath.getParent())) {
-                    Files.createDirectories(dstPath.getParent());
+                var time = entry.time();
+                if (time < minTime || time > maxTime) {
+                    System.err.println("Skipping entry " + entry.name() + " (too old or too new)");
+                    continue;
                 }
-                try (var out = Files.newOutputStream(dstPath,
-                        StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {
-                    var read = 0;
-                    var toRead = len;
-                    while (toRead > 0) {
-                        read = in.read(buffer, 0, (int) Math.min(buffer.length, toRead));
-                        toRead -= read;
-                        out.write(buffer, 0, read);
-                    }
+                var lastSeen = readMaps.get(entry.name());
+                if (lastSeen != null && skipOldEntry && entry.time() < lastSeen) {
+                    System.err.println("Skipping entry " + entry.name() + " (older than )");
+                    continue;
                 }
+                readMaps.put(entry.name(), time);
 
+                var path = destination.resolve(entry.name()); // todo prevent path underflow
+                var parentDir = path.getParent();
+                if (Files.notExists(parentDir)) Files.createDirectories(parentDir);
+                if ((entry.attribute() & BundleEntry.ATTR_REASSEMBLE) != 0) {
+                    var entryData = allocator.buffer();
+                    var toRead = entry.length();
+                    var buffer = this.buffer;
+                    while (toRead > 0) {
+                        var read = in.read(buffer, 0, (int) Math.min(buffer.length, toRead));
+                        toRead -= read;
+                        entryData.writeBytes(buffer, 0, read);
+                    }
+                    try (var reassembler = new RegionFileReassembler(entryData)) {
+                        var result = reassembler.writeReassembled(allocator, RegionFile.CompressType.GZIP);
+                        try (var fc = FileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {
+                            result.readBytes(fc, 0, result.readableBytes());
+                        } finally {
+                            result.release();
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    writePlain(path, entry, in);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writePlain(Path path, BundleEntry entry, EntryInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        var buffer = this.buffer;
+        try (var fc = Files.newOutputStream(path, StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {
+            var toRead = entry.length();
+            while (toRead > 0) {
+                var read = in.read(buffer, 0, (int) Math.min(buffer.length, toRead));
+                toRead -= read;
+                fc.write(buffer, 0, read);
             }
         }
     }

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/BundleWriter.java

@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@ package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler;
 import com.github.luben.zstd.ZstdDictCompress;
 import com.github.luben.zstd.ZstdOutputStreamNoFinalizer;
 import io.ib67.kiwi.routine.Uni;
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFile;
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFileReassembler;
 import io.netty.buffer.AdaptiveByteBufAllocator;
 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufOutputStream;
+
 import lombok.Builder;
 import lombok.SneakyThrows;
 
@@ -14,12 +18,11 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.*;
 import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
-import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
 
 public class BundleWriter implements Closeable {
     public static Comparator<Path> SORT = BundleWriter::preferRegion;
-    protected static final ByteBufAllocator ALLOC = new AdaptiveByteBufAllocator();
-    protected final boolean allowGunzip;
+    protected final ByteBufAllocator allocator;
+    protected final boolean allowReassemble;
     protected final int compressionLevel;
     protected final Path relativeRoot;
     protected final EntryOutputStream outputStream;
@@ -33,16 +36,17 @@ public class BundleWriter implements Closeable {
             int maxWorkers,
             Path relativeRoot,
             OutputStream outputStream,
-            byte[] dictionary
+            byte[] dictionary, ByteBufAllocator allocator
     ) {
-        this.allowGunzip = allowGunzip;
+        this.allowReassemble = allowGunzip;
         this.compressionLevel = compressionLevel;
-        this.relativeRoot = relativeRoot;;
+        this.relativeRoot = relativeRoot;
+        this.allocator = allocator == null ? ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT : allocator;
         var zstdOut = new ZstdOutputStreamNoFinalizer(outputStream, compressionLevel);
         if (dictionary != null) {
             zstdOut.setDict(new ZstdDictCompress(dictionary, compressionLevel));
         }
-        if(maxWorkers > 1) zstdOut.setWorkers(maxWorkers);
+        if (maxWorkers > 1) zstdOut.setWorkers(maxWorkers);
         this.outputStream = new EntryOutputStream(zstdOut);
         this.buffer = new byte[4096];
     }
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ public class BundleWriter implements Closeable {
             var futures = new ArrayList<CompletableFuture<Path>>();
             for (int i = 0; i < parted.size(); i++) {
                 var pathList = parted.get(i);
-                var output = parentOfBundle.resolve("Worker_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + i + ".jpack");
+                var output = parentOfBundle.resolve("Worker_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + i + ".jbp.zst");
                 var future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> createBundleWorker(pathList, output, config), executor);
                 futures.add(future);
             }
@@ -138,38 +142,45 @@ public class BundleWriter implements Closeable {
     }
 
     public void write(Path path, boolean suggestGunzip) throws IOException {
-        var size = Files.size(path);
         if (suggestGunzip) {
-            boolean isGzip;
-            try (var raf = new RandomAccessFile(path.toFile(), "r")) {
-                isGzip = raf.read() == 0x8b && raf.read() == 0x1f;
-            }
-            if (isGzip) {
-                var buffer = ALLOC.buffer((int) size * 2);
-                try (var gunzip = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(path.toFile()))) {
-                    while (buffer.writeBytes(gunzip, 4096) != -1) ;
-                    outputStream.writeEntryHeader( // bug
-                            relativeRoot.relativize(path).toString(),
-                            BundleEntry.ATTR_GUNZIP,
-                            size
-                    );
-                    buffer.readBytes(outputStream, buffer.readableBytes());
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    writePlain(path);
-                } finally {
-                    buffer.release();
-                }
-            }
+            //todo size limit
+            writeReassembleInMem(path);
+            return;
         }
-
         writePlain(path);
     }
 
+    @SneakyThrows
+    private void writeReassembleInMem(Path path) {
+        if (!"region".equals(path.getParent().toString()) && !path.toString().endsWith(".mca")) {
+            System.out.println("Mismatch "+path+", parent: "+path.getParent());
+            writePlain(path);
+            return;
+        }
+        System.out.println("Reassembling "+path);
+        var uncompressed = allocator.buffer();
+        var rPath = relativeRoot.toAbsolutePath().relativize(path.toAbsolutePath());
+        try (var out = new EntryOutputStream(new ByteBufOutputStream(uncompressed));
+             var rf = new RegionFileReassembler(path)) {
+            var result = rf.writeReassembled(allocator, RegionFile.CompressType.NONE);
+            var length = result.readableBytes();
+            out.writeEntryHeader(rPath.toString(), BundleEntry.ATTR_REASSEMBLE, length, System.currentTimeMillis());
+            result.readBytes(out, length);
+            result.release();
+            uncompressed.readBytes(outputStream, uncompressed.readableBytes());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Failed to parse region " + path + ": " + e);
+            writePlain(path);
+        } finally {
+            uncompressed.release();
+        }
+    }
+
     private void writePlain(Path path) throws IOException {
         var rPath = relativeRoot.toAbsolutePath().relativize(path.toAbsolutePath());
         var buffer = this.buffer;
         var outputStream = this.outputStream;
-        outputStream.writeEntryHeader(rPath.toString(), (short) 0, Files.size(path));
+        outputStream.writeEntryHeader(rPath.toString(), (short) 0, Files.size(path), 0);
         var read = 0;
         try (var fs = Files.newInputStream(path)) {
             while ((read = fs.read(buffer)) > 0) {

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/EntryInputStream.java

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 public class EntryInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
-    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
-
     /**
      * Creates a {@code FilterInputStream}
      * by assigning the  argument {@code in}
@@ -22,19 +20,18 @@ public class EntryInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
      */
     protected EntryInputStream(InputStream in) {
         super(in);
-        this.buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 + 8 + 4);
     }
 
     public BundleEntry readEntry() throws IOException {
-        buffer.clear();
-        in.read(buffer.array(), 0, 4+8+4);
-        var magic = buffer.getShort();
-        if (magic != BundleEntry.MAGIC) throw new IOException("Invalid magic number");
-        var attribute = buffer.getShort();
-        var fileLen = buffer.getLong();
-        var lenName = buffer.getInt();
+        var magic = (short) (in.read() << 8 | in.read()); // u16
+        if (magic != BundleEntry.MAGIC) throw new IOException("Invalid magic number: "+Long.toHexString(magic));
+        var time = (long) in.read() << 56 | (long) in.read() << 48 | (long) in.read() << 40 | (long) in.read() << 32 |
+                (long) in.read() << 24 | in.read() << 16 | in.read() << 8 | in.read();
+        var attribute = VarInts.readVarInt(in);
+        var segmentLen = VarInts.readVarLong(in);
+        var lenName = VarInts.readVarInt(in);
         var name = new String(in.readNBytes(lenName)).intern();
-        return new BundleEntry(attribute, fileLen, name);
+        return new BundleEntry((short) attribute, time, segmentLen, name);
     }
 
     @Override

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/EntryOutputStream.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler;
 
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 public class EntryOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
-    protected final ByteBuffer buffer;
     /**
      * Creates an output stream filter built on top of the specified
      * underlying output stream.
@@ -22,17 +22,26 @@ public class EntryOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
      */
     public EntryOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
         super(out);
-        this.buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4+8+4);
     }
 
-    public void writeEntryHeader(String path, short attribute, long fileLen) throws IOException {
+    public void writeEntryHeader(String path, short attribute, long segmentLen, long time) throws IOException {
         var name = path.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        buffer.clear();
-        buffer.putShort(BundleEntry.MAGIC);
-        buffer.putShort(attribute);
-        buffer.putLong(fileLen);
-        buffer.putInt(name.length);
-        out.write(buffer.array());
+        out.write(BundleEntry.MAGIC >> 8);
+        out.write(BundleEntry.MAGIC & 0xFF); // u16 be
+        var timeArr = new byte[] { // u64 be
+                (byte) (time >> 56),
+                (byte) (time >> 48),
+                (byte) (time >> 40),
+                (byte) (time >> 32),
+                (byte) (time >> 24),
+                (byte) (time >> 16),
+                (byte) (time >> 8),
+                (byte) time
+        };
+        out.write(timeArr);
+        VarInts.writeVarInt(out, attribute);
+        VarInts.writeVarLong(out, segmentLen);
+        VarInts.writeVarInt(out, name.length);
         out.write(name);
     }
 

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/Main.java

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ public class Main {
     @SneakyThrows
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         var opts = ArgOpts.builder()
-                .args(args).description("Tools for .jpack format bundle").programName("jpack").build();
+                .args(args).description("Tools for .jbp.zst format bundle").programName("jpack").build();
         var in = opts.string("in", "Input. Can be directory or jpack bundle", null);
         var out = opts.string("out", "Output. Can be jpack bundle or directory", null);
         var help = opts.bool("help", false);
-        var allowGunzip = opts.bool("gunzip",
-                "Should we recompress NBT files for maximum compression rate (depends on compress)", true);
+        var allowGunzip = opts.bool("reasm",
+                "Should we reassemble NBT files for maximum compression rate", true);
         var parallel = opts.bool("parallel", "Use parallelized bundler. This conflicts with compress options", false);
         var parallelThreshold = opts.integer("threshold", "The threshold of parallel bundling", 512);
         var parallelCompression = opts.integer("parallel-compression", "The worker threads used for parallel compression. Do not confuse this with --parallel, which focus on bundling.\n" +
@@ -48,16 +48,16 @@ public class Main {
             System.out.println("The output is already exists. Please move it to other places");
             return;
         }
-        if (in.endsWith(".jpack")) {
-            BundleReader.extract(inPath, outPath);
-        } else if (out.endsWith(".jpack")) {
-            if (!Files.isDirectory(inPath))
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Your input should be a world directory.");
+        if (in.endsWith(".jbp.zst")) {
+            BundleReader.builder().build().extract(inPath, outPath);
+        } else if (out.endsWith(".jbp.zst")) {
             UnaryOperator<BundleWriter.BundleWriterBuilder> cfg = it -> it
                     .allowGunzip(allowGunzip)
-                    .relativeRoot(outPath.toAbsolutePath().getParent())
+                    .relativeRoot(inPath)
                     .dictionary(dict)
                     .compressionLevel(compressionLevel);
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(inPath))
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Your input should be a world directory.");
             List<Path> paths;
             try (var _paths = Files.walk(inPath)) {
                 paths = _paths.toList();

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/VarInts.java

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import lombok.SneakyThrows;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+public class VarInts {
+    public static void writeVarInt(OutputStream buf, int value) throws IOException {
+        while (true) {
+            if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+                buf.write(value);
+                return;
+            }
+            buf.write((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+            value >>>= 7;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void writeVarLong(OutputStream buf, long value) throws IOException {
+        while (true) {
+            if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+                buf.write((int) value);
+                return;
+            }
+            buf.write((int) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SneakyThrows
+    public static int readVarInt(InputStream buf) {
+        int value = 0;
+        int position = 0;
+        byte currentByte;
+
+        while (true) {
+            currentByte = (byte) buf.read();
+            value |= (currentByte & 0x7F) << position;
+
+            if ((currentByte & 0x80) == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            position += 7;
+
+            if (position >= 32) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("VarInt is too big");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    @SneakyThrows
+    public static long readVarLong(InputStream buf) {
+        long value = 0;
+        int position = 0;
+        byte currentByte;
+
+        while (true) {
+            currentByte = (byte) buf.read();
+            value |= (long) (currentByte & 0x7F) << position;
+
+            if ((currentByte & 0x80) == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            position += 7;
+
+            if (position >= 64) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("VarLong is too big");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+}

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/region/RegionFile.java

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufOutputStream;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.shorts.Short2ObjectAVLTreeMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.shorts.Short2ObjectSortedMap;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4BlockOutputStream;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.zip.DeflaterOutputStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+public class RegionFile implements Closeable {
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    public enum CompressType {
+        GZIP(1), ZLIB(2), NONE(3), LZ4(4);
+        public final int index;
+
+        public static CompressType findByIndex(int i) {
+            return switch (i) {
+                case 1 -> GZIP;
+                case 2 -> ZLIB;
+                case 3 -> NONE;
+                case 4 -> LZ4;
+                default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown compression type: " + i);
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected final Short2ObjectSortedMap<ByteBuf> regionData = new Short2ObjectAVLTreeMap<>();
+    protected final ByteBufAllocator allocator;
+    protected final ByteBuf timestamp;
+
+    public RegionFile(ByteBufAllocator allocator) {
+        this.allocator = allocator;
+        timestamp = allocator.buffer(4096);
+    }
+
+    private short getChunkKey(int x, int z) {
+        return (short) ((z & 0b111111) << 6 | (x & 0b111111));
+    }
+
+    // this retains the input bytebuf.
+    public void writeChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, CompressType type, ByteBuf data) throws IOException {
+        if (chunkX > 32 || chunkZ > 32 || chunkX < 0 || chunkZ < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid chunkX+chunkZ: " + chunkX + " " + chunkZ);
+        var key = getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        var buf = allocator.buffer(5 + data.readableBytes());
+        if (type == CompressType.NONE) {
+            buf.writeInt(data.readableBytes());
+            buf.writeByte(type.index);
+            buf.writeBytes(data);
+        } else {
+            try (var out = findCompressor(type, new ByteBufOutputStream(buf))) {
+                while (data.readableBytes() > 0) data.readBytes(out, data.readableBytes());
+                var head = allocator.buffer(5);
+                head.writeInt(buf.readableBytes());
+                head.writeByte(type.index);
+                var composite =  allocator.compositeBuffer();
+                composite.addComponent(true, head);
+                composite.addComponent(true, buf);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                buf.release();
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+        regionData.put(key, buf);
+    }
+
+    private OutputStream findCompressor(CompressType type, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        return switch (type) {
+            case LZ4 -> new LZ4BlockOutputStream(out);
+            case GZIP -> new GZIPOutputStream(out);
+            case ZLIB -> new DeflaterOutputStream(out);
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown compression type: " + type);
+        };
+    }
+
+    public void updateChunkTime(int chunkX, int chunkZ, int timestamp) {
+        if (chunkX > 32 || chunkZ > 32 || chunkX < 0 || chunkZ < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid chunkX+chunkZ: " + chunkX + " " + chunkZ);
+        var index = (chunkX + 32 * chunkZ) * 4;
+        this.timestamp.setInt(index, timestamp);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuf writeOutput() {
+        var sect = allocator.buffer(8192);
+        var compositeByteBuf = allocator.compositeBuffer(2 + regionData.size());
+        var beginSector = 2;
+        compositeByteBuf.addComponent(true, sect);
+        timestamp.retain();
+        compositeByteBuf.addComponent(true, timestamp);
+        for (var entry : regionData.short2ObjectEntrySet()) {
+            var chunkKey = entry.getShortKey();
+            var x = chunkKey & 0b111111;
+            var z = (chunkKey >>> 6) & 0b111111;
+            var chunk = entry.getValue();
+            var size = chunk.readableBytes();
+            var sizeSectors = Math.ceilDiv(size, 4096);
+            if (sizeSectors > 255) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("MCC not supported.");
+            }
+            var indexEntry = Integer.reverseBytes(beginSector) << 1 | (sizeSectors & 0xFF);
+            // sect = int[1024]
+            sect.setInt((x + 32 * z) * 4, indexEntry);
+            chunk.retain(); // retain a local reference
+            compositeByteBuf.addComponent(true, chunk);
+            beginSector += sizeSectors;
+        }
+        return compositeByteBuf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        timestamp.release();
+        regionData.values().forEach(ByteBuf::release);
+    }
+}

bundler/src/main/java/io/ib67/sfcraft/bundler/region/RegionFileReassembler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.*;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayList;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongList;
+import net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4BlockInputStream;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.zip.DeflaterInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+public class RegionFileReassembler implements Closeable {
+    protected final ByteBuf source;
+    protected final byte[] sectorBuffer = new byte[4096];
+
+    public RegionFileReassembler(Path file) throws IOException {
+        if (Files.size(file) < 8192) throw new IOException("The region file " + file + " has been truncated");
+        source = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Files.readAllBytes(file));
+    }
+
+    public RegionFileReassembler(ByteBuf source) {
+        this.source = source;
+        source.retain();
+    }
+
+    // the lower 32bit is the entry content
+    // upper 32bit is the chunkX <<< 6 | chunkZ (12 bits in total)
+    public LongList readAllValidChunks() {
+        var result = new LongArrayList();
+        source.readerIndex(0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+            var entry = source.readInt();
+            if (entry == 0) continue;
+            var x = i % 32;
+            var z = Math.max(0, (i - x) / 32);
+            result.add(((long) ((x << 6) | z) << 32) | entry);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return kind of compression.
+     */
+    public int readChunk(int entry, ByteBuf buf) {
+        var offset = readOffset(entry);
+        source.readerIndex(offset * 4096);
+        // sector info
+        var sectorLen = source.readInt();
+        var compressType = source.readByte();
+        if (compressType < 0) {
+            // mcc todo
+        }
+        buf.writeBytes(source, sectorLen-1);
+        return compressType;
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuf writeReassembled(ByteBufAllocator alloc, RegionFile.CompressType newCompressType) throws IOException {
+        var chunks = readAllValidChunks();
+        var compressed = alloc.buffer();
+        var uncompressed = alloc.buffer();
+        try (var regionFile = new RegionFile(alloc)) {
+            // read times
+            source.readerIndex(4096);
+            source.readBytes(sectorBuffer);
+            regionFile.timestamp.clear();
+            regionFile.timestamp.writeBytes(sectorBuffer);
+            for (int i = 0; i < chunks.size(); i++) {
+                compressed.clear();
+                uncompressed.clear();
+                var key = chunks.getLong(i);
+                var chunkXZ = readChunkXZ(key);
+                var entry = readEntry(key);
+                short x = (short) (chunkXZ & 0x3F);
+                short z = (short) ((chunkXZ >>> 6) & 0x3F);
+                var compressType = readChunk(entry, compressed);
+                try (var decompressor = getDecompressorByType(compressType, compressed)) {
+                    while (uncompressed.writeBytes(decompressor, 4096) != -1) ;
+                    regionFile.writeChunk(x, z, newCompressType, uncompressed);
+                }
+            }
+            return regionFile.writeOutput();
+        } finally {
+            uncompressed.release();
+            compressed.release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InputStream getDecompressorByType(int compressionType, ByteBuf in) throws IOException {
+        return switch (compressionType) {
+            case 1 -> new GZIPInputStream(new ByteBufInputStream(in));
+            case 2 -> new DeflaterInputStream(new ByteBufInputStream(in));
+            case 3 -> new ByteBufInputStream(in);
+            case 4 -> new LZ4BlockInputStream(new ByteBufInputStream(in));
+            // user defined compression algorithm, no going to support.
+            // (or mcc)
+            default -> throw new IOException("Unsupported compression type. " + compressionType);
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static short readChunkXZ(long packedEntry) {
+        packedEntry = packedEntry >> 32;
+        return (short) (packedEntry & 0xFFF);
+    }
+
+    public static int readEntry(long packedEntry) {
+        return (int) (packedEntry & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static int readOffset(int headerEntry) {
+        return (headerEntry >> 8);
+    }
+
+    public static int readSize(int headerSize) {
+        return headerSize & 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        source.release();
+    }
+}

bundler/src/test/java/io/ib67/bundler/TestBundleWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.ib67.bundler;
+
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.BundleWriter;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class TestBundleWriter {
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteBundle() throws IOException {
+        var file = Path.of("/home/icybear/IdeaProjects/justbackup/bundler/src/test/resources/region/r.9.-5.mca");
+        BundleWriter.createBundle(Path.of("/tmp/test.out"),
+                List.of(file),
+                c -> c.allowGunzip(true).relativeRoot(file.getParent()));
+    }
+}

bundler/src/test/java/io/ib67/bundler/TestRegionReassembler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ib67.bundler;
+
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFile;
+import io.ib67.sfcraft.bundler.region.RegionFileReassembler;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class TestRegionReassembler {
+    @Test
+    public void testReassembler() throws IOException {
+        byte[] bytes;
+        try(var in = TestRegionReassembler.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("region/r.9.-5.mca")){
+            bytes = in.readAllBytes();
+        }
+        try(var reasm = new RegionFileReassembler(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(bytes))) {
+            var result = reasm.writeReassembled(ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT, RegionFile.CompressType.NONE);
+        }
+    }
+}