Merge pull request #828 from gnembon/unpacker

Unpacker

docs/scarpet/language/Operators.md

@@ -29,11 +29,12 @@ Here is the complete list of operators in `scarpet` including control flow opera
 are not technically operators, but part of the language, even if they look like them:
 
 *   Match, Get `~ :`
-*   Unary `+ - !`
+*   Unary `+ - ! ...`
 *   Exponent `^`
 *   Multiplication `* / %`
 *   Addition `+ -`
-*   Comparison `== != > >= <= <`
+*   Comparison `> >= <= <`
+*   Equality `== !=`
 *   Logical And`&&`
 *   Logical Or `||`
 *   Assignment `= += <>`
@@ -234,3 +235,23 @@ flips boolean condition of the expression. Equivalent of `bool(expr)==false`
 !l() => true
 !l(null) => false
 </pre>
+
+### `Unpacking Operator ...`
+
+Unpacks elements of a list of an iterator into a sequence of arguments in a function making so that `fun(...[1, 2, 3])` is
+identical with `fun(1, 2, 3)`. 
+
+In function signatures it identifies a vararg parameter. 
+
+`fun(a, b, ... rest) -> [a, b, rest]; fun(1, 2, 3, 4)`  => `[1, 2, [3, 4]]`
+
+Effects of `...` can be surprisingly lasting. It is kept through the use of variables and function calls.
+
+`fun(a, b, ... rest) -> [a, b, ... rest]; fun(1, 2, 3, 4)`  => `[1, 2, 3, 4]`
+`args() -> ... [1, 2, 3]; sum(a, b, c) -> a+b+c; sum(args())` => `6`
+`a = ... [1, 2, 3]; sum(a, b, c) -> a+b+c; sum(a)` => `6`
+
+Unpacking mechanics can be used for list and map constriction, not just for function calls.
+
+`[...range(5), pi, ...range(5,-1,-1)]` => `[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3.14159265359, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]`
+`{ ... map(range(5),  _  -> _*_ )}` => `{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}`

src/main/java/carpet/script/CarpetScriptHost.java

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
         return host;
     }
 
-    private static int execute(CommandContext<ServerCommandSource> ctx, String hostName, FunctionArgument<Value> funcSpec, List<String> paramNames) throws CommandSyntaxException
+    private static int execute(CommandContext<ServerCommandSource> ctx, String hostName, FunctionArgument funcSpec, List<String> paramNames) throws CommandSyntaxException
     {
         CarpetProfiler.ProfilerToken currentSection = CarpetProfiler.start_section(null, "Scarpet command", CarpetProfiler.TYPE.GENERAL);
         CarpetScriptHost cHost = CarpetServer.scriptServer.modules.get(hostName).retrieveOwnForExecution(ctx.getSource());
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
     public LiteralArgumentBuilder<ServerCommandSource> addPathToCommand(
             LiteralArgumentBuilder<ServerCommandSource> command,
             List<CommandToken> path,
-            FunctionArgument<Value> functionSpec
+            FunctionArgument functionSpec
     ) throws CommandSyntaxException
     {
         String hostName = main.getName();
@@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
     }
 
     public LiteralArgumentBuilder<ServerCommandSource> getNewCommandTree(
-            List<Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument<Value>>> entries, Function<ServerCommandSource, Boolean> useValidator
+            List<Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument>> entries, Function<ServerCommandSource, Boolean> useValidator
     ) throws CommandSyntaxException
     {
         String hostName = main.getName();
         Function<ServerCommandSource, Boolean> configValidator = getCommandConfigPermissions();
         LiteralArgumentBuilder<ServerCommandSource> command = literal(hostName).
                requires((player) -> CarpetServer.scriptServer.modules.containsKey(hostName) && useValidator.apply(player) && configValidator.apply(player));
-        for (Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument<Value>> commandData : entries)
+        for (Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument> commandData : entries)
         {
             command = this.addPathToCommand(command, commandData.getKey(), commandData.getValue());
         }
@@ -547,12 +547,12 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
         if (commands == null) return null;
         if (!(commands instanceof MapValue))
             throw CommandArgument.error("'commands' element in config should be a map");
-        List<Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument<Value>>> commandEntries = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Pair<List<CommandToken>,FunctionArgument>> commandEntries = new ArrayList<>();
 
         for (Map.Entry<Value, Value> commandsData : ((MapValue)commands).getMap().entrySet().stream().sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
         {
             List<CommandToken> elements = CommandToken.parseSpec(commandsData.getKey().getString(), this);
-            FunctionArgument<Value> funSpec = FunctionArgument.fromCommandSpec(this, commandsData.getValue());
+            FunctionArgument funSpec = FunctionArgument.fromCommandSpec(this, commandsData.getValue());
             commandEntries.add(Pair.of(elements, funSpec));
         }
         commandEntries.sort(new ListComparator<>());
@@ -806,20 +806,18 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
         }
     }
 
-    public Value call(ServerCommandSource source, FunctionValue function, List<Value> suppliedArgs)
+    public Value call(ServerCommandSource source, FunctionValue function, List<Value> argv)
     {
         if (CarpetServer.scriptServer.stopAll)
             throw new CarpetExpressionException("SCARPET PAUSED", null);
 
-        List<LazyValue> argv = FunctionValue.lazify(suppliedArgs);
-
         List<String> args = function.getArguments();
         if (argv.size() != args.size())
         {
             String error = "Fail: stored function "+function.getPrettyString()+" takes "+args.size()+" arguments, not "+argv.size()+ ":\n";
             for (int i = 0; i < max(argv.size(), args.size()); i++)
             {
-                error += (i<args.size()?args.get(i):"??")+" => "+(i<argv.size()?argv.get(i).evalValue(null).getString():"??")+"\n";
+                error += (i<args.size()?args.get(i):"??")+" => "+(i<argv.size()?argv.get(i).getString():"??")+"\n";
             }
             throw new CarpetExpressionException(error, null);
         }
@@ -828,7 +826,7 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
             // TODO: this is just for now - invoke would be able to invoke other hosts scripts
             Context context = new CarpetContext(this, source, BlockPos.ORIGIN);
             return function.getExpression().evalValue(
-                    () -> function.lazyEval(context, Context.VOID, function.getExpression(), function.getToken(), argv),
+                    () -> function.execute(context, Context.VOID, function.getExpression(), function.getToken(), argv),
                     context,
                     Context.VOID
             );
@@ -857,7 +855,7 @@ public class CarpetScriptHost extends ScriptHost
             // TODO: this is just for now - invoke would be able to invoke other hosts scripts
             Context context = new CarpetContext(this, source, pos);
             return fun.getExpression().evalValue(
-                    () -> fun.lazyEval(context, Context.VOID, fun.getExpression(), fun.getToken(), FunctionValue.lazify(argv)),
+                    () -> fun.execute(context, Context.VOID, fun.getExpression(), fun.getToken(), argv),
                     context,
                     Context.VOID);
         }

src/main/java/carpet/script/CarpetScriptServer.java

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import net.minecraft.server.command.ServerCommandSource;
 import net.minecraft.server.network.ServerPlayerEntity;
 import net.minecraft.util.WorldSavePath;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ import static net.minecraft.server.command.CommandManager.literal;
 public class CarpetScriptServer
 {
     //make static for now, but will change that later:
+    public static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger("scarpet");
     public final MinecraftServer server;
     public  CarpetScriptHost globalHost;
     public  Map<String, CarpetScriptHost> modules;

src/main/java/carpet/script/Expression.java

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ public class Expression
     public void addLazyFunctionWithDelegation(String name, int numpar,
                                                      QuinnFunction<Context, Integer, Expression, Tokenizer.Token, List<LazyValue>, LazyValue> lazyfun)
     {
-        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(numpar)
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(numpar, name)
         {
             @Override
             public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer type, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lv)
@@ -205,6 +205,27 @@ public class Expression
         });
     }
 
+    public void addFunctionWithDelegation(String name, int numpar,
+                                              QuinnFunction<Context, Integer, Expression, Tokenizer.Token, List<Value>, Value> fun)
+    {
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(numpar, name)
+        {
+            @Override
+            public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer type, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lv)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Value res = fun.apply(c, type, e, t, unpackArgs(lv, c, Context.NONE));
+                    return (cc, tt) -> res;
+                }
+                catch (RuntimeException exc)
+                {
+                    throw handleCodeException(c, exc, e, t);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     public void addLazyBinaryOperator(String surface, int precedence, boolean leftAssoc,
                                        QuadFunction<Context, Integer, LazyValue, LazyValue, LazyValue> lazyfun)
     {
@@ -226,6 +247,28 @@ public class Expression
         });
     }
 
+    public void addBinaryContextOperator(String surface, int precedence, boolean leftAssoc,
+                                      QuadFunction<Context, Integer, Value, Value, Value> fun)
+    {
+        operators.put(surface, new AbstractLazyOperator(precedence, leftAssoc)
+        {
+            @Override
+            public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer t, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token token, LazyValue v1, LazyValue v2)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Value.assertNotNull(v1, v2); // does anybody needs those
+                    Value ret = fun.apply(c, t, v1.evalValue(c, Context.NONE), v2.evalValue(c, Context.NONE));
+                    return (cc, tt) -> ret;
+                }
+                catch (RuntimeException exc)
+                {
+                    throw handleCodeException(c, exc, e, token);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     public static RuntimeException handleCodeException(Context c, RuntimeException exc, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token token)
     {
         if (exc instanceof ExitStatement)
@@ -243,7 +286,7 @@ public class Expression
 
     public void addUnaryOperator(String surface, boolean leftAssoc, Function<Value, Value> fun)
     {
-        operators.put(surface+"u", new AbstractUnaryOperator(Operators.precedence.get("unary+-!"), leftAssoc)
+        operators.put(surface+"u", new AbstractUnaryOperator(Operators.precedence.get("unary+-!..."), leftAssoc)
         {
             @Override
             public Value evalUnary(Value v1)
@@ -269,7 +312,7 @@ public class Expression
 
     public void addUnaryFunction(String name, Function<Value, Value> fun)
     {
-        functions.put(name,  new AbstractFunction(1)
+        functions.put(name,  new AbstractFunction(1, name)
         {
             @Override
             public Value eval(List<Value> parameters)
@@ -281,7 +324,7 @@ public class Expression
 
     public void addBinaryFunction(String name, BiFunction<Value, Value, Value> fun)
     {
-        functions.put(name, new AbstractFunction(2)
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractFunction(2, name)
         {
             @Override
             public Value eval(List<Value> parameters)
@@ -296,7 +339,7 @@ public class Expression
 
     public void addFunction(String name, Function<List<Value>, Value> fun)
     {
-        functions.put(name, new AbstractFunction(-1)
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractFunction(-1, name)
         {
             @Override
             public Value eval(List<Value> parameters)
@@ -327,7 +370,7 @@ public class Expression
 
     public void addLazyFunction(String name, int num_params, TriFunction<Context, Integer, List<LazyValue>, LazyValue> fun)
     {
-        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(num_params)
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(num_params, name)
         {
             @Override
             public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer i, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lazyParams)
@@ -343,6 +386,47 @@ public class Expression
             }
         });
     }
+
+    public void addContextFunction(String name, int num_params, TriFunction<Context, Integer, List<Value>, Value> fun)
+    {
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(num_params, name)
+        {
+            @Override
+            public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer i, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lazyParams)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Value ret = fun.apply(c, i, unpackArgs(lazyParams, c, Context.NONE));
+                    return (cc, tt) -> ret;
+                }
+                catch (RuntimeException exc)
+                {
+                    throw handleCodeException(c, exc, e, t);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void addTypedContextFunction(String name, int num_params, int reqType, TriFunction<Context, Integer, List<Value>, Value> fun)
+    {
+        functions.put(name, new AbstractLazyFunction(num_params, name)
+        {
+            @Override
+            public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer i, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lazyParams)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Value ret = fun.apply(c, i, unpackArgs(lazyParams, c, reqType));
+                    return (cc, tt) -> ret;
+                }
+                catch (RuntimeException exc)
+                {
+                    throw handleCodeException(c, exc, e, t);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     public FunctionValue createUserDefinedFunction(Context context, String name, Expression expr, Tokenizer.Token token, List<String> arguments, String varArgs, List<String> outers, LazyValue code)
     {
         if (functions.containsKey(name))
@@ -773,12 +857,16 @@ public class Expression
                     stack.set(stack.size() - 1, stack.peek() - 2 + 1);
                     break;
                 case FUNCTION:
-                    ILazyFunction f = functions.get(token.surface);// don't validate global - userdef functions
+                    //ILazyFunction f = functions.get(token.surface);// don't validate global - userdef functions
-                    int numParams = stack.pop();
+                    //int numParams = stack.pop();
-                    if (f != null && !f.numParamsVaries() && numParams != f.getNumParams())
+                    //if (f != null && !f.numParamsVaries() && numParams != f.getNumParams())
-                    {
+                    //{
-                        throw new ExpressionException(c, this, token, "Function " + token + " expected " + f.getNumParams() + " parameters, got " + numParams);
+                    //    throw new ExpressionException(c, this, token, "Function " + token + " expected " + f.getNumParams() + " parameters, got " + numParams);
-                    }
+                    //}
+                    stack.pop();
+                    // due to unpacking, all functions can have variable number of arguments
+                    // we will be checking that at runtime.
+                    // TODO try analyze arguments and assess if its possible that they are static
                     if (stack.size() <= 0)
                     {
                         throw new ExpressionException(c, this, token, "Too many function calls, maximum scope exceeded");

src/main/java/carpet/script/Fluff.java

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package carpet.script;
 
+import carpet.CarpetSettings;
 import carpet.script.exception.ExpressionException;
+import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
+import carpet.script.value.FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue;
+import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.Value;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -60,9 +64,10 @@ public abstract class Fluff
         protected String name;
         int numParams;
 
-        AbstractLazyFunction(int numParams)
+        AbstractLazyFunction(int numParams, String name)
         {
             this.numParams = numParams;
+            this.name = name;
         }
 
 
@@ -77,12 +82,42 @@ public abstract class Fluff
         public boolean numParamsVaries() {
             return numParams < 0;
         }
+
+        public static List<Value> unpackLazy(List<LazyValue> lzargs, Context c, int contextType)
+        {
+            List<Value> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (LazyValue lv : lzargs)
+            {
+                Value arg = lv.evalValue(c, contextType);
+                if (arg instanceof FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue)
+                    args.addAll(((ListValue) arg).getItems());
+                else
+                    args.add(arg);
+            }
+            return args;
+        }
+
+        public List<Value> unpackArgs(List<LazyValue> lzargs, Context c, int contextType)
+        {
+            List<Value> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (LazyValue lv : lzargs)
+            {
+                Value arg = lv.evalValue(c, contextType);
+                if (arg instanceof FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue)
+                    args.addAll(((ListValue) arg).getItems());
+                else
+                    args.add(arg);
+            }
+            if (!numParamsVaries() && getNumParams() != args.size())
+                throw new InternalExpressionException("Function " + getName() + " expected " + getNumParams() + " parameters, got " + args.size());
+            return args;
+        }
     }
 
     public abstract static class AbstractFunction extends AbstractLazyFunction implements IFunction
     {
-        AbstractFunction(int numParams) {
+        AbstractFunction(int numParams, String name) {
-            super(numParams);
+            super(numParams, name);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -100,10 +135,12 @@ public abstract class Fluff
 
                     private List<Value> getParams(Context c) {
                         if (params == null) {
-                            params = new ArrayList<>();
+                            // very likely needs to be dynamic, so not static like here, or remember if it was.
-                            for (LazyValue lazyParam : lazyParams) {
+                            params = unpackArgs(lazyParams, c, Context.NONE);
-                                params.add(lazyParam.evalValue(c)); // none type default by design
+                        }
-                            }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            CarpetSettings.LOG.error("How did we get here 1");
                         }
                         return params;
                     }

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Auxiliary.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package carpet.script.api;
 
 import carpet.CarpetServer;
-import carpet.CarpetSettings;
 import carpet.fakes.MinecraftServerInterface;
 import carpet.fakes.ServerWorldInterface;
 import carpet.fakes.StatTypeInterface;
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ import carpet.script.CarpetScriptHost;
 import carpet.script.CarpetScriptServer;
 import carpet.script.Context;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
-import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.argument.BlockArgument;
 import carpet.script.argument.FunctionArgument;
 import carpet.script.argument.Vector3Argument;
@@ -28,9 +26,9 @@ import carpet.script.utils.InputValidator;
 import carpet.script.utils.ScarpetJsonDeserializer;
 import carpet.script.utils.ShapeDispatcher;
 import carpet.script.utils.WorldTools;
+import carpet.script.value.BooleanValue;
 import carpet.script.value.EntityValue;
 import carpet.script.value.FormattedTextValue;
-import carpet.script.value.FunctionValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.MapValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NBTSerializableValue;
@@ -147,16 +145,15 @@ public class Auxiliary {
 
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunction("sound", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("sound", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             if (lv.size() == 0)
             {
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(Registry.SOUND_EVENT.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of));
+                return ListValue.wrap(Registry.SOUND_EVENT.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
             }
-            String rawString = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String rawString = lv.get(0).getString();
             Identifier soundName = new Identifier(rawString);
-            Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1);
+            Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1);
             if (Registry.SOUND_EVENT.get(soundName) == null)
                 throw new ThrowStatement(rawString, Throwables.UNKNOWN_SOUND);
             float volume = 1.0F;
@@ -164,13 +161,13 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             SoundCategory mixer = SoundCategory.MASTER;
             if (lv.size() > 0+locator.offset)
             {
-                volume = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0+locator.offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                volume = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0+locator.offset)).getDouble();
                 if (lv.size() > 1+locator.offset)
                 {
-                    pitch = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1+locator.offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                    pitch = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1+locator.offset)).getDouble();
                     if (lv.size() > 2+locator.offset)
                     {
-                        String mixerName = lv.get(2+locator.offset).evalValue(c).getString();
+                        String mixerName = lv.get(2+locator.offset).getString();
                         mixer = mixerMap.get(mixerName.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
                         if (mixer == null) throw  new InternalExpressionException(mixerName +" is not a valid mixer name");
                     }
@@ -184,39 +181,33 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 count++;
                 player.networkHandler.sendPacket(new PlaySoundIdS2CPacket(soundName, mixer, vec, volume, pitch));
             }
-            int totalPlayed = count;
+            return new NumericValue(count);
-            return (_c, _t) -> new NumericValue(totalPlayed);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("particle", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("particle", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            if (lv.size() == 0)
+            if (lv.size() == 0) return ListValue.wrap(Registry.PARTICLE_TYPE.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of));
-            {
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(Registry.PARTICLE_TYPE.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            }
-
             MinecraftServer ms = cc.s.getMinecraftServer();
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
-            Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1);
+            Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1);
-            String particleName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String particleName = lv.get(0).getString();
             int count = 10;
             double speed = 0;
             float spread = 0.5f;
             ServerPlayerEntity player = null;
             if (lv.size() > locator.offset)
             {
-                count = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(locator.offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                count = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(locator.offset)).getLong();
                 if (lv.size() > 1+locator.offset)
                 {
-                    spread = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1+locator.offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                    spread = (float) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1+locator.offset)).getDouble();
                     if (lv.size() > 2+locator.offset)
                     {
-                        speed = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2 + locator.offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                        speed = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2 + locator.offset)).getDouble();
                         if (lv.size() > 3 + locator.offset) // should accept entity as well as long as it is player
                         {
-                            player = ms.getPlayerManager().getPlayer(lv.get(3 + locator.offset).evalValue(c).getString());
+                            player = ms.getPlayerManager().getPlayer(lv.get(3 + locator.offset).getString());
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -238,29 +229,29 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                         spread, spread, spread, speed);
             }
 
-            return (c_, t_) -> Value.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("particle_line", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("particle_line", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
-            String particleName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String particleName = lv.get(0).getString();
             ParticleEffect particle = ShapeDispatcher.getParticleData(particleName);
-            Vector3Argument pos1 = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1);
+            Vector3Argument pos1 = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1);
-            Vector3Argument pos2 = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, pos1.offset);
+            Vector3Argument pos2 = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, pos1.offset);
             double density = 1.0;
             ServerPlayerEntity player = null;
             if (lv.size() > pos2.offset+0 )
             {
-                density = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(pos2.offset+0).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                density = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(pos2.offset+0)).getDouble();
                 if (density <= 0)
                 {
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("Particle density should be positive");
                 }
                 if (lv.size() > pos2.offset+1)
                 {
-                    Value playerValue = lv.get(pos2.offset+1).evalValue(c);
+                    Value playerValue = lv.get(pos2.offset+1);
                     if (playerValue instanceof EntityValue)
                     {
                         Entity e = ((EntityValue) playerValue).getEntity();
@@ -274,34 +265,33 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 }
             }
 
-            Value retval = new NumericValue(ShapeDispatcher.drawParticleLine(
+            return new NumericValue(ShapeDispatcher.drawParticleLine(
                     (player == null)?world.getPlayers(): Collections.singletonList(player),
-                    particle, pos1.vec, pos2.vec, density));
+                    particle, pos1.vec, pos2.vec, density
-
+            ));
-            return (c_, t_) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("particle_box", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("particle_box", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
-            String particleName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String particleName = lv.get(0).getString();
             ParticleEffect particle = ShapeDispatcher.getParticleData(particleName);
-            Vector3Argument pos1 = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1);
+            Vector3Argument pos1 = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1);
-            Vector3Argument pos2 = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, pos1.offset);
+            Vector3Argument pos2 = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, pos1.offset);
 
             double density = 1.0;
             ServerPlayerEntity player = null;
             if (lv.size() > pos2.offset+0 )
             {
-                density = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(pos2.offset+0).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+                density = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(pos2.offset+0)).getDouble();
                 if (density <= 0)
                 {
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("Particle density should be positive");
                 }
                 if (lv.size() > pos2.offset+1)
                 {
-                    Value playerValue = lv.get(pos2.offset+1).evalValue(c);
+                    Value playerValue = lv.get(pos2.offset+1);
                     if (playerValue instanceof EntityValue)
                     {
                         Entity e = ((EntityValue) playerValue).getEntity();
@@ -322,13 +312,13 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                     player==null?world.getPlayers():Collections.singletonList(player),
                     particle, density, from, to
             );
-            return (c_, t_) -> new NumericValue(particleCount);
+            return new NumericValue(particleCount);
         });
         // deprecated
         expression.alias("particle_rect", "particle_box");
 
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("draw_shape", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("draw_shape", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
@@ -337,7 +327,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             List<Pair<ShapeDispatcher.ExpiringShape, Map<String,Value>>> shapes = new ArrayList<>();
             if (lv.size() == 1) // bulk
             {
-                Value specLoad = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+                Value specLoad = lv.get(0);
                 if (!(specLoad instanceof ListValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("In bulk mode - shapes need to be provided as a list of shape specs");
                 for (Value list : ((ListValue) specLoad).getItems())
                 {
@@ -347,19 +337,17 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             }
             else
             {
-                List<Value> params = new ArrayList<>();
+                shapes.add(ShapeDispatcher.fromFunctionArgs(server, world, lv, player));
-                for (LazyValue v : lv) params.add(v.evalValue(c));
-                shapes.add(ShapeDispatcher.fromFunctionArgs(server, world, params, player));
             }
 
             ShapeDispatcher.sendShape(
                     (player[0]==null)?cc.s.getWorld().getPlayers():Collections.singletonList(player[0]),
                     shapes
             );
-            return LazyValue.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("create_marker", -1, (c, t, lv) ->{
+        expression.addContextFunction("create_marker", -1, (c, t, lv) ->{
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             BlockState targetBlock = null;
             Vector3Argument pointLocator;
@@ -367,16 +355,16 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             String name;
             try
             {
-                Value nameValue = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+                Value nameValue = lv.get(0);
                 name = nameValue instanceof NullValue ? "" : nameValue.getString();
-                pointLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1, true, false);
+                pointLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1, true, false);
                 if (lv.size()>pointLocator.offset)
                 {
                     BlockArgument blockLocator = BlockArgument.findIn(cc, lv, pointLocator.offset, true, true, false);
                     if (blockLocator.block != null) targetBlock = blockLocator.block.getBlockState();
                     if (lv.size() > blockLocator.offset)
                     {
-                        interactable = lv.get(blockLocator.offset).evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN).getBoolean();
+                        interactable = lv.get(blockLocator.offset).getBoolean();
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -429,11 +417,10 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             armorstand.setInvulnerable(true);
             armorstand.getDataTracker().set(ArmorStandEntity.ARMOR_STAND_FLAGS, (byte)(interactable?8 : 16|8));
             cc.s.getWorld().spawnEntity(armorstand);
-            EntityValue result = new EntityValue(armorstand);
+            return new EntityValue(armorstand);
-            return (_c, _t) -> result;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("remove_all_markers", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("remove_all_markers", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             int total = 0;
             String markerName = MARKER_STRING+"_"+((cc.host.getName()==null)?"":cc.host.getName());
@@ -442,34 +429,18 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 total ++;
                 e.remove();
             }
-            int finalTotal = total;
+            return new NumericValue(total);
-            return (_cc, _tt) -> new NumericValue(finalTotal);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("nbt", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("nbt", NBTSerializableValue::fromValue);
-            Value ret = NBTSerializableValue.fromValue(lv.get(0).evalValue(c));
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("escape_nbt", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("escape_nbt", v -> new StringValue(StringTag.escape(v.getString())));
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
-            String string = v.getString();
-            Value ret = new StringValue(StringTag.escape(string));
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("parse_nbt", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("parse_nbt", v -> {
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            if (v instanceof NBTSerializableValue) return ((NBTSerializableValue) v).toValue();
-            if (v instanceof NBTSerializableValue)
-            {
-                Value parsed = ((NBTSerializableValue) v).toValue();
-                return (cc, tt) -> parsed;
-            }
             NBTSerializableValue ret = NBTSerializableValue.parseString(v.getString(), false);
-            if (ret == null)
+            if (ret == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return ret.toValue();
-            Value parsed = ret.toValue();
-            return (cc, tt) -> parsed;
         });
 
         expression.addFunction("tag_matches", (lv) -> {
@@ -482,11 +453,11 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             return new NumericValue(NbtHelper.matches(match, source, numParam == 2 || lv.get(2).getBoolean()));
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("encode_nbt", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addFunction("encode_nbt", lv -> {
             int argSize = lv.size();
             if (argSize==0 || argSize > 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'encode_nbt' requires 1 or 2 parameters");
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
-            boolean force = (argSize > 1) && lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getBoolean();
+            boolean force = (argSize > 1) && lv.get(1).getBoolean();
             Tag tag;
             try
             {
@@ -496,17 +467,16 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             {
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("cannot reliably encode to a tag the value of '"+ignored.val.getPrettyString()+"'");
             }
-            Value tagValue = new NBTSerializableValue(tag);
+            return new NBTSerializableValue(tag);
-            return (cc, tt) -> tagValue;
         });
 
         //"overridden" native call that prints to stderr
-        expression.addLazyFunction("print", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("print", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0 || lv.size() > 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'print' takes one or two arguments");
             ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
             MinecraftServer server = s.getMinecraftServer();
-            Value res = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value res = lv.get(0);
             List<ServerPlayerEntity> targets = null;
             if (lv.size() == 2)
             {
@@ -518,7 +488,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                     playerTargets.add(player);
                 });
                 targets = playerTargets;
-                res = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+                res = lv.get(1);
             }
             Text message = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(res);
             if (targets == null)
@@ -529,12 +499,12 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             {
                 targets.forEach(p -> p.getCommandSource().sendFeedback(message, false));
             }
-            Value finalRes = res;
+            return res; // pass through for variables
-            return (_c, _t) -> finalRes; // pass through for variables
         });
-        expression.addLazyFunction("display_title", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+
+        expression.addContextFunction("display_title", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             if (lv.size() < 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'display_title' needs at least a target, type and message, and optionally times");
-            Value pVal = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value pVal = lv.get(0);
             if (!(pVal instanceof ListValue)) pVal = ListValue.of(pVal);
             MinecraftServer server = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer();
             Stream<ServerPlayerEntity> targets = ((ListValue) pVal).getItems().stream().map(v ->
@@ -544,7 +514,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 return player;
             });
             TitleS2CPacket.Action action;
-            String actionString = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            String actionString = lv.get(1).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             switch (actionString)
             {
                 case "title":
@@ -572,7 +542,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             boolean soundsTrue = false;
             if (lv.size() > 2)
             {
-                pVal = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                pVal = lv.get(2);
                 title = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(pVal);
                 soundsTrue = pVal.getBoolean();
             }
@@ -598,15 +568,15 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                         total.getAndIncrement();
                     });
                 HUDController.update_hud(((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer(), targetList);
-                Value ret = NumericValue.of(total.get());
+                return NumericValue.of(total.get());
-                return (cc, tt) -> ret;
             }
             TitleS2CPacket timesPacket;
             if (lv.size() > 3)
             {
-                int in = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3).evalValue(c),"fade in for display_title" ).getInt();
+                if (lv.size() != 6) throw new InternalExpressionException("'display_title' needs all fade-in, stay and fade-out times");
-                int stay = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(4).evalValue(c),"stay for display_title" ).getInt();
+                int in = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3),"fade in for display_title" ).getInt();
-                int out = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(5).evalValue(c),"fade out for display_title" ).getInt();
+                int stay = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(4),"stay for display_title" ).getInt();
+                int out = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(5),"fade out for display_title" ).getInt();
                 timesPacket = new TitleS2CPacket(Action.TIMES, null, in, stay, out);
             }
             else timesPacket = null;
@@ -618,20 +588,17 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 p.networkHandler.sendPacket(packet);
                 total.getAndIncrement();
             });
-            Value ret = NumericValue.of(total.get());
+            return NumericValue.of(total.get());
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("format", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addFunction("format", values -> {
-            if (lv.size() == 0 ) throw new InternalExpressionException("'format' requires at least one component");
+            if (values.size() == 0 ) throw new InternalExpressionException("'format' requires at least one component");
-            List<Value> values = lv.stream().map(lazy -> lazy.evalValue(c)).collect(Collectors.toList());
             if (values.get(0) instanceof ListValue && values.size()==1)
                 values = ((ListValue) values.get(0)).getItems();
-            Value ret = new FormattedTextValue(Messenger.c(values.stream().map(Value::getString).toArray()));
+            return new FormattedTextValue(Messenger.c(values.stream().map(Value::getString).toArray()));
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("run", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("run", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             BlockPos target = ((CarpetContext)c).origin;
             Vec3d posf = new Vec3d((double)target.getX()+0.5D, target.getY(),(double)target.getZ()+0.5D);
             ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
@@ -641,56 +608,48 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 List<Text> output = new ArrayList<>();
                 Value retval = new NumericValue(s.getMinecraftServer().getCommandManager().execute(
                         new SnoopyCommandSource(s, posf, error, output),
-                        lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString())
+                        lv.get(0).getString())
                 );
-                Value ret = ListValue.of(
+                return ListValue.of(
                         retval,
                         ListValue.wrap(output.stream().map(FormattedTextValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList())),
                         FormattedTextValue.of(error[0])
                 );
-                return (c_, t_) -> ret;
             }
             catch (Exception exc)
             {
-                Value ret = ListValue.of(Value.NULL, ListValue.of(), new FormattedTextValue(new LiteralText(exc.getMessage())));
+                return ListValue.of(Value.NULL, ListValue.of(), new FormattedTextValue(new LiteralText(exc.getMessage())));
-                return (c_, t_) -> ret;
             }
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("save", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("save", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
             ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
             s.getMinecraftServer().getPlayerManager().saveAllPlayerData();
             s.getMinecraftServer().save(true,true,true);
             s.getWorld().getChunkManager().tick(() -> true);
-            CarpetSettings.LOG.warn("Saved chunks");
+            CarpetScriptServer.LOG.warn("Saved chunks");
-            return (cc, tt) -> Value.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("tick_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("tick_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                new NumericValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer().getTicks()));
-            Value time = new NumericValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer().getTicks());
-            return (cc, tt) -> time;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("world_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("world_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                new NumericValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld().getTime()));
-            Value time = new NumericValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld().getTime());
-            return (cc, tt) -> time;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("day_time", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("day_time", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             Value time = new NumericValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld().getTimeOfDay());
             if (lv.size() > 0)
             {
-                long newTime = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                long newTime = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0)).getLong();
                 if (newTime < 0) newTime = 0;
                 ((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld().setTimeOfDay(newTime);// setTimeOfDay(newTime);
             }
-            return (cc, tt) -> time;
+            return time;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("last_tick_times", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("last_tick_times", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             //assuming we are in the tick world section
             // might be off one tick when run in the off tasks or asynchronously.
@@ -701,12 +660,11 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             {
                 ticks.add(new NumericValue(((double)tickArray[i % 100])/1000000.0));
             }
-            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(ticks);
+            return ListValue.wrap(ticks);
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("game_tick", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("game_tick", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerCommandSource s = cc.s;
             if (!s.getMinecraftServer().isOnThread()) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unable to run ticks from threads");
@@ -717,7 +675,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 ((MinecraftServerInterface) s.getMinecraftServer()).forceTick(() -> System.nanoTime() - CarpetServer.scriptServer.tickStart < 50000000L);
                 if (lv.size() > 0)
                 {
-                    long ms_total = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                    long ms_total = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0)).getLong();
                     long end_expected = CarpetServer.scriptServer.tickStart + ms_total * 1000000L;
                     long wait = end_expected - System.nanoTime();
                     if (wait > 0L)
@@ -740,17 +698,16 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             }
             if(CarpetServer.scriptServer.stopAll)
                 throw new ExitStatement(Value.NULL);
-            return (_c, _t) -> Value.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("seed", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("seed", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
             c.host.issueDeprecation("seed()");
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(s.getWorld().getSeed());
+            return new NumericValue(s.getWorld().getSeed());
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("relight", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("relight", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             BlockArgument locator = BlockArgument.findIn(cc, lv, 0);
@@ -758,21 +715,16 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
             ((ThreadedAnvilChunkStorageInterface) world.getChunkManager().threadedAnvilChunkStorage).relightChunk(new ChunkPos(pos));
             WorldTools.forceChunkUpdate(pos, world);
-            return LazyValue.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("current_dimension", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("current_dimension", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-            ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
+                ValueConversions.of( ((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld()));
-            Value retval = ValueConversions.of(s.getWorld());
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("view_distance", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("view_distance", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-            ServerCommandSource s = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
+                new NumericValue(((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer().getPlayerManager().getViewDistance()));
-            Value retval = new NumericValue(s.getMinecraftServer().getPlayerManager().getViewDistance());
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
-        });
 
+        // lazy due to passthrough and context changing ability
         expression.addLazyFunction("in_dimension", 2, (c, t, lv) -> {
             ServerCommandSource outerSource = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
             Value dimensionValue = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
@@ -786,7 +738,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             return (cc, tt) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("plop", -1, (c, t, lv) ->{
+        expression.addContextFunction("plop", -1, (c, t, lv) ->{
             if (lv.size() == 0)
             {
                 Map<Value, Value> plopData = new HashMap<>();
@@ -807,13 +759,12 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 plopData.put(StringValue.of("configured_structures"),
                         ListValue.wrap(registryManager.get(Registry.CONFIGURED_STRUCTURE_FEATURE_WORLDGEN).getIds().stream().sorted().map(ValueConversions::of).collect(Collectors.toList()))
                 );
-                Value ret = MapValue.wrap(plopData);
+                return MapValue.wrap(plopData);
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
             }
             BlockArgument locator = BlockArgument.findIn((CarpetContext)c, lv, 0);
             if (lv.size() <= locator.offset)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'plop' needs extra argument indicating what to plop");
-            String what = lv.get(locator.offset).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String what = lv.get(locator.offset).getString();
             Value [] result = new Value[]{Value.NULL};
             ((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer().submitAndJoin( () ->
             {
@@ -825,71 +776,67 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                     WorldTools.forceChunkUpdate(locator.block.getPos(), ((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld());
                 result[0] = new NumericValue(res);
             });
-            Value ret = result[0]; // preventing from lazy evaluating of the result in case a future completes later
+            return result[0];
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("schedule", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("schedule", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             if (lv.size()<2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'schedule' should have at least 2 arguments, delay and call name");
-            long delay = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            long delay = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0)).getLong();
-
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, false, true);
 
+            FunctionArgument functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, false, false);
             CarpetServer.scriptServer.events.scheduleCall(
                     (CarpetContext) c,
                     functionArgument.function,
-                    FunctionValue.resolveArgs(functionArgument.args, c, t),
+                    functionArgument.checkedArgs(),
                     delay
             );
-            return (c_, t_) -> Value.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("logger", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addFunction("logger", lv ->
         {
-            //CarpetSettings.LOG.error(Registry.ENTITY_TYPE.getIds().stream().sorted().map(ValueConversions::simplify).collect(Collectors.joining("`, `")));
             Value res;
 
             if(lv.size()==1)
             {
-                res = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+                res = lv.get(0);
-                CarpetSettings.LOG.info(res.getString());
+                CarpetScriptServer.LOG.info(res.getString());
             }
             else if(lv.size()==2)
             {
-                String level = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+                String level = lv.get(0).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
-                res = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+                res = lv.get(1);
                 switch(level){
-                    case "error": CarpetSettings.LOG.error(res.getString()); break;
+                    case "error": CarpetScriptServer.LOG.error(res.getString()); break;
-                    case "warn":  CarpetSettings.LOG.warn(res.getString());  break;
+                    case "warn":  CarpetScriptServer.LOG.warn(res.getString());  break;
-                    case "debug": CarpetSettings.LOG.debug(res.getString()); break;
+                    case "debug": CarpetScriptServer.LOG.debug(res.getString()); break;
-                    case "fatal": CarpetSettings.LOG.fatal(res.getString()); break;
+                    case "fatal": CarpetScriptServer.LOG.fatal(res.getString()); break;
-                    case "info":  CarpetSettings.LOG.info(res.getString());  break;
+                    case "info":  CarpetScriptServer.LOG.info(res.getString());  break;
                     default: throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown log level for 'logger': "+level);
                 }
             }
             else throw new InternalExpressionException("logger takes 1 or 2 arguments");
 
-            return (_c, _t) -> res; // pass through for variables
+            return res; // pass through for variables
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("list_files", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("list_files", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv, c, true, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
+            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv,true, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
             Stream<String> files = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).listFolder(fdesc);
-            if (files == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (files == null) return Value.NULL;
-            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(files.map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            return ListValue.wrap(files.map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("read_file", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("read_file", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv, c, false, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
+            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv,false, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
             Value retVal;
             if (fdesc.type == FileArgument.Type.NBT)
             {
                 Tag state = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).readFileTag(fdesc);
-                if (state == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                if (state == null) return Value.NULL;
                 retVal = new NBTSerializableValue(state);
             }
             else if (fdesc.type == FileArgument.Type.JSON)
@@ -905,25 +852,23 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             else
             {
                 List<String> content = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).readTextResource(fdesc);
-                if (content == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                if (content == null) return Value.NULL;
                 retVal = ListValue.wrap(content.stream().map(StringValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
             }
-            return (cc, tt) -> retVal;
+            return retVal;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("delete_file", 2, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("delete_file", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
-            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv, c, false, FileArgument.Reason.DELETE);
+                BooleanValue.of(((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).removeResourceFile(FileArgument.from(lv,false, FileArgument.Reason.DELETE))));
-            return ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).removeResourceFile(fdesc) ? LazyValue.TRUE : LazyValue.FALSE;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("write_file", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("write_file", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             if (lv.size() < 3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'write_file' requires three or more arguments");
-            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv, c, false, FileArgument.Reason.CREATE);
+            FileArgument fdesc = FileArgument.from(lv, false, FileArgument.Reason.CREATE);
 
             boolean success;
             if (fdesc.type == FileArgument.Type.NBT)
             {
-                Value val = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                Value val = lv.get(2);
                 NBTSerializableValue tagValue =  (val instanceof NBTSerializableValue)
                         ? (NBTSerializableValue) val
                         : new NBTSerializableValue(val.getString());
@@ -932,7 +877,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
             }
             else if (fdesc.type == FileArgument.Type.JSON)
             {
-                List<String> data = Collections.singletonList(GSON.toJson(lv.get(2).evalValue(c).toJson()));
+                List<String> data = Collections.singletonList(GSON.toJson(lv.get(2).toJson()));
                 ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).removeResourceFile(fdesc);
                 success = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).appendLogFile(fdesc, data);
             }
@@ -941,7 +886,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 List<String> data = new ArrayList<>();
                 if (lv.size()==3)
                 {
-                    Value val = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                    Value val = lv.get(2);
                     if (val instanceof ListValue)
                     {
                         List<Value> lval = ((ListValue) val).getItems();
@@ -956,166 +901,144 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                 {
                     for(int i = 2; i < lv.size(); i++)
                     {
-                        data.add(lv.get(i).evalValue(c).getString());
+                        data.add(lv.get(i).getString());
                     }
                 }
                 success = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).appendLogFile(fdesc, data);
             }
-            return success?LazyValue.TRUE:LazyValue.FALSE;
+            return BooleanValue.of(success);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("load_app_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("load_app_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             FileArgument fdesc = new FileArgument(null, FileArgument.Type.NBT, null, false, false, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
             if (lv.size()>0)
             {
                 c.host.issueDeprecation("load_app_data(...) with arguments");
-                String resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(0).evalValue(c), false);
+                String resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(0), false);
-                boolean shared = lv.size() > 1 && lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getBoolean();
+                boolean shared = lv.size() > 1 && lv.get(1).getBoolean();
                 fdesc = new FileArgument(resource, FileArgument.Type.NBT, null, false, shared, FileArgument.Reason.READ);
             }
-            Tag state = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).readFileTag(fdesc);
+            return NBTSerializableValue.of(((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).readFileTag(fdesc));
-            if (state == null)
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
-            Value retVal = new NBTSerializableValue(state);
-            return (cc, tt) -> retVal;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("store_app_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("store_app_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'store_app_data' needs NBT tag and an optional file");
-            Value val = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value val = lv.get(0);
             FileArgument fdesc = new FileArgument(null, FileArgument.Type.NBT, null, false, false, FileArgument.Reason.CREATE);
             if (lv.size()>1)
             {
                 c.host.issueDeprecation("store_app_data(...) with more than one argument");
-                String resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(1).evalValue(c), false);
+                String resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(1), false);
-                boolean shared = lv.size() > 2 && lv.get(2).evalValue(c).getBoolean();
+                boolean shared = lv.size() > 2 && lv.get(2).getBoolean();
                 fdesc = new FileArgument(resource, FileArgument.Type.NBT, null, false, shared, FileArgument.Reason.CREATE);
             }
             NBTSerializableValue tagValue =  (val instanceof NBTSerializableValue)
                     ? (NBTSerializableValue) val
                     : new NBTSerializableValue(val.getString());
-            Tag tag = tagValue.getTag();
+            return BooleanValue.of(((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).writeTagFile(tagValue.getTag(), fdesc));
-            boolean success = ((CarpetScriptHost) c.host).writeTagFile(tag, fdesc);
-            return success?LazyValue.TRUE:LazyValue.FALSE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("statistic", 3, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("statistic", 3, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            Value playerValue = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            ServerPlayerEntity player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(cc.s.getMinecraftServer(), playerValue);
+            ServerPlayerEntity player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(cc.s.getMinecraftServer(), lv.get(0));
-            if (player == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (player == null) return Value.NULL;
             Identifier category;
             Identifier statName;
             try
             {
-                category = new Identifier(lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString());
+                category = new Identifier(lv.get(1).getString());
-                statName = new Identifier(lv.get(2).evalValue(c).getString());
+                statName = new Identifier(lv.get(2).getString());
             }
             catch (InvalidIdentifierException e)
             {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+                return Value.NULL;
             }
             StatType<?> type = Registry.STAT_TYPE.get(category);
-            if (type == null)
+            if (type == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
             Stat<?> stat = getStat(type, statName);
-            if (stat == null)
+            if (stat == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return new NumericValue(player.getStatHandler().getStat(stat));
-            return (_c, _t) -> new NumericValue(player.getStatHandler().getStat(stat));
         });
 
         //handle_event('event', function...)
-        expression.addLazyFunction("handle_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("handle_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() < 2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'handle_event' requires at least two arguments, event name, and a callback");
-            String event = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String event = lv.get(0).getString();
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> callback = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, true, false);
+            FunctionArgument callback = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, true, false);
             CarpetScriptHost host = ((CarpetScriptHost)c.host);
-            Value success;
             if (callback.function == null)
-            {
+                return BooleanValue.of(host.getScriptServer().events.removeBuiltInEvent(event, host));
-                success = host.getScriptServer().events.removeBuiltInEvent(event, host)?Value.TRUE:Value.FALSE;
+            // args don't need to be checked will be checked at the event
-            }
+            return BooleanValue.of( host.getScriptServer().events.handleCustomEvent(event, host, callback.function, callback.args ));
-            else
-            {
-                success = host.getScriptServer().events.handleCustomEvent(event, host, callback.function, FunctionValue.resolveArgs(callback.args, c, t) )?Value.TRUE:Value.FALSE;
-            }
-            return (cc, tt) -> success;
         });
         //signal_event('event', player or null, args.... ) -> number of apps notified
-        expression.addLazyFunction("signal_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("signal_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'signal' requires at least one argument");
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             CarpetScriptServer server = ((CarpetScriptHost)c.host).getScriptServer();
-            String eventName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String eventName = lv.get(0).getString();
             // no such event yet
-            if (CarpetEventServer.Event.getEvent(eventName, server) == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (CarpetEventServer.Event.getEvent(eventName, server) == null) return Value.NULL;
             ServerPlayerEntity player = null;
             List<Value> args = Collections.emptyList();
             if (lv.size() > 1)
             {
-                player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(server.server, lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
+                player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(server.server, lv.get(1));
-                if (lv.size() > 2)
+                if (lv.size() > 2) args = lv.subList(2, lv.size());
-                {
-                    args = FunctionValue.resolveArgs(lv.subList(2, lv.size()), c, t);
-                }
             }
             int counts = ((CarpetScriptHost)c.host).getScriptServer().events.signalEvent(eventName, cc, player, args);
-            if (counts < 0) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (counts < 0) return Value.NULL;
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(counts);
+            return new NumericValue(counts);
-            return (c_, t_) -> ret;
         });
 
         // nbt_storage()
         // nbt_storage(key)
         // nbt_storage(key, nbt)
-        expression.addLazyFunction("nbt_storage", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("nbt_storage", -1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             if (lv.size() > 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'nbt_storage' requires 0, 1 or 2 arguments.");
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             DataCommandStorage storage = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getDataCommandStorage();
-            if (lv.size() == 0) {
+            if (lv.size() == 0)
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(storage.getIds().map(i -> new StringValue(nameFromRegistryId(i))).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                return ListValue.wrap(storage.getIds().map(i -> new StringValue(nameFromRegistryId(i))).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+            String key = lv.get(0).getString();
-            }
-            String key = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
             CompoundTag old_nbt = storage.get(new Identifier(key));
             if (lv.size() == 2) {
-                Value nbt = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+                Value nbt = lv.get(1);
                 NBTSerializableValue new_nbt = (nbt instanceof NBTSerializableValue) ? (NBTSerializableValue) nbt
                         : NBTSerializableValue.parseString(nbt.getString(), true);
                 storage.set(new Identifier(key), new_nbt.getCompoundTag());
             }
-            if (old_nbt == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return NBTSerializableValue.of(old_nbt);
-            return (_c, _t) -> new NBTSerializableValue(old_nbt);
         });
 
         // script run create_datapack('foo', {'foo' -> {'bar.json' -> {'c' -> true,'d' -> false,'e' -> {'foo' -> [1,2,3]},'a' -> 'foobar','b' -> 5}}})
-        expression.addLazyFunction("create_datapack", 2, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("create_datapack", 2, (c, t, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            String origName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String origName = lv.get(0).getString();
             String name = InputValidator.validateSimpleString(origName, true);
             MinecraftServer server = cc.s.getMinecraftServer();
             for (String dpName : server.getDataPackManager().getNames())
             {
                 if (dpName.equalsIgnoreCase("file/"+name+".zip") ||
                         dpName.equalsIgnoreCase("file/"+name))
-                    return LazyValue.NULL;
+                    return Value.NULL;
 
             }
-            Value dpdata = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+            Value dpdata = lv.get(1);
             if (!(dpdata instanceof MapValue))
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("datapack data needs to be a valid map type");
             ResourcePackManager packManager = server.getDataPackManager();
             Path dbFloder = server.getSavePath(WorldSavePath.DATAPACKS);
             Path packFloder = dbFloder.resolve(name+".zip");
-            if (Files.exists(packFloder) || Files.exists(dbFloder.resolve(name))) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (Files.exists(packFloder) || Files.exists(dbFloder.resolve(name))) return Value.NULL;
             Boolean [] successful = new Boolean[]{true};
             server.submitAndJoin( () ->
             {
@@ -1160,10 +1083,10 @@ public class Auxiliary {
 
                 }
             });
-            return successful[0]?LazyValue.TRUE:LazyValue.FALSE;
+            return BooleanValue.of(successful[0]);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("enable_hidden_dimensions", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("enable_hidden_dimensions", 0, (c, t, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             // from minecraft.server.Main.main
             MinecraftServer server = cc.s.getMinecraftServer();
@@ -1183,7 +1106,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
 
             RegistryOps<Tag> registryOps = RegistryOps.of(NbtOps.INSTANCE, serverRM.getResourceManager(), (DynamicRegistryManager.Impl) server.getRegistryManager());
             SaveProperties saveProperties = session.readLevelProperties(registryOps, dataPackSettings2);
-            if (saveProperties == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (saveProperties == null) return Value.NULL;
             //session.backupLevelDataFile(server.getRegistryManager(), saveProperties); // no need
 
             // MinecraftServer.createWorlds
@@ -1208,8 +1131,7 @@ public class Auxiliary {
                     existing_worlds.put(registryKey2, serverWorld2);
                 }
             }
-            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(addeds);
+            return ListValue.wrap(addeds);
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
     }
 
@@ -1266,8 +1188,6 @@ public class Auxiliary {
         }
     }
 
-
-
     private static <T> Stat<T> getStat(StatType<T> type, Identifier id)
     {
         T key = type.getRegistry().get(id);

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/BlockIterators.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package carpet.script.api;
 import carpet.script.CarpetContext;
 import carpet.script.Context;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
+import carpet.script.Fluff;
 import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.argument.BlockArgument;
 import carpet.script.argument.Vector3Argument;
@@ -30,11 +31,14 @@ import static java.lang.Math.min;
 public class BlockIterators {
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scan", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        // lazy cause of lazy expression
+        expression.addLazyFunction("scan", -1, (c, t, llv) ->
         {
+            if (llv.size() < 3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'scan' needs many more arguments");
+            List<Value> lv = Fluff.AbstractFunction.unpackLazy(llv.subList(0, llv.size()-1), c, Context.NONE);
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             BlockArgument centerLocator = BlockArgument.findIn(cc, lv, 0);
-            Vector3Argument rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, centerLocator.offset);
+            Vector3Argument rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, centerLocator.offset);
             BlockPos center = centerLocator.block.getPos();
             Vec3i range;
 
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             Vec3i upperRange = range;
             if (lv.size() > rangeLocator.offset+1) // +1 cause we still need the expression
             {
-                rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, rangeLocator.offset);
+                rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, rangeLocator.offset);
                 if (rangeLocator.fromBlock)
                 {
                     upperRange = new Vec3i(
@@ -69,11 +73,11 @@ public class BlockIterators {
                     upperRange = new Vec3i(abs(rangeLocator.vec.x), abs(rangeLocator.vec.y), abs(rangeLocator.vec.z));
                 }
             }
-            if (lv.size() != rangeLocator.offset+1)
+            if (llv.size() != rangeLocator.offset+1)
             {
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'scan' takes two, or three block positions, and an expression: "+lv.size()+" "+rangeLocator.offset);
             }
-            LazyValue expr = lv.get(rangeLocator.offset);
+            LazyValue expr = llv.get(rangeLocator.offset);
 
             int cx = center.getX();
             int cy = center.getY();
@@ -135,9 +139,12 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             return (c_, t_) -> new NumericValue(finalSCount);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("volume", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        // must be lazy
+        expression.addLazyFunction("volume", -1, (c, t, llv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
+            if (llv.size() < 3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'volume' needs many more arguments");
+            List<Value> lv = Fluff.AbstractFunction.unpackLazy(llv.subList(0, llv.size()-1), c, Context.NONE);
 
             BlockArgument pos1Locator = BlockArgument.findIn(cc, lv, 0);
             BlockArgument pos2Locator = BlockArgument.findIn(cc, lv, pos1Locator.offset);
@@ -156,7 +163,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             int maxx = max(x1, x2);
             int maxy = max(y1, y2);
             int maxz = max(z1, z2);
-            LazyValue expr = lv.get(pos2Locator.offset);
+            LazyValue expr = llv.get(pos2Locator.offset);
 
             //saving outer scope
             LazyValue _x = c.getVariable("_x");
@@ -207,9 +214,8 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             return (c_, t_) -> new NumericValue(finalSCount);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("neighbours", -1, (c, t, lv)->
+        expression.addContextFunction("neighbours", -1, (c, t, lv)->
         {
-
             BlockPos center = BlockArgument.findIn((CarpetContext) c, lv,0).block.getPos();
             ServerWorld world = ((CarpetContext) c).s.getWorld();
 
@@ -220,11 +226,10 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             neighbours.add(new BlockValue(null, world, center.south()));
             neighbours.add(new BlockValue(null, world, center.east()));
             neighbours.add(new BlockValue(null, world, center.west()));
-            Value retval = ListValue.wrap(neighbours);
+            return ListValue.wrap(neighbours);
-            return (c_, t_) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("rect", -1, (c, t, lv)->
+        expression.addContextFunction("rect", -1, (c, t, lv)->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             int cx, cy, cz;
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             cz = cpos.getZ();
             if (lv.size() > cposLocator.offset)
             {
-                Vector3Argument diffLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, cposLocator.offset);
+                Vector3Argument diffLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, cposLocator.offset);
                 if (diffLocator.fromBlock)
                 {
                     sminx = MathHelper.floor(abs(diffLocator.vec.x - cx));
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
                 }
                 if (lv.size() > diffLocator.offset)
                 {
-                    Vector3Argument posDiff = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, diffLocator.offset);
+                    Vector3Argument posDiff = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, diffLocator.offset);
                     if (posDiff.fromBlock)
                     {
                         smaxx = MathHelper.floor(abs(posDiff.vec.x - cx));
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
                 smaxz = 1;
             }
 
-            return (c_, t_) -> new LazyListValue()
+            return new LazyListValue()
             {
                 final int minx = cx-sminx;
                 final int miny = cy-sminy;
@@ -348,7 +353,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             };
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("diamond", -1, (c, t, lv)->
+        expression.addContextFunction("diamond", -1, (c, t, lv)->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
 
@@ -377,17 +382,17 @@ public class BlockIterators {
                             BlockValue.fromCoords(cc, cx, cy, cz+1),
                             BlockValue.fromCoords(cc, cx, cy+1, cz)
                     );
-                    return (_c, _t ) -> retval;
+                    return retval;
                 }
                 else if (lv.size()==1+cposLocator.offset)
                 {
-                    width = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                    width = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset)).getLong();
                     height = 0;
                 }
                 else if(lv.size()==2+cposLocator.offset)
                 {
-                    width = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                    width = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset)).getLong();
-                    height = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset+1).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                    height = (int) ((NumericValue) lv.get(cposLocator.offset+1)).getLong();
                 } else{
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("Incorrect number of arguments for 'diamond'");
                 }
@@ -398,7 +403,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             }
             if (height == 0)
             {
-                return (c_, t_) -> new LazyListValue()
+                return new LazyListValue()
                 {
                     int curradius;
                     int curpos;
@@ -448,7 +453,7 @@ public class BlockIterators {
             }
             else
             {
-                return (c_, t_) -> new LazyListValue()
+                return new LazyListValue()
                 {
                     int curradius;
                     int curpos;

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Entities.java

@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ import carpet.script.CarpetContext;
 import carpet.script.CarpetEventServer;
 import carpet.script.CarpetScriptHost;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
-import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.argument.FunctionArgument;
 import carpet.script.argument.Vector3Argument;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.value.EntityValue;
-import carpet.script.value.FunctionValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NBTSerializableValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NumericValue;
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 public class Entities {
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunction("player", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("player", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
             {
@@ -51,26 +49,15 @@ public class Entities {
                 if (cc.host.user != null)
                 {
                     ServerPlayerEntity player = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getPlayerManager().getPlayer(cc.host.user);
-                    if (player == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                    return EntityValue.of(player);
-                    Value ret = new EntityValue(player);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> ret;
                 }
                 Entity callingEntity = cc.s.getEntity();
-                if (callingEntity instanceof PlayerEntity)
+                if (callingEntity instanceof PlayerEntity) return EntityValue.of(callingEntity);
-                {
-                    Value retval = new EntityValue(callingEntity);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> retval;
-                }
                 Vec3d pos = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getPosition();
                 PlayerEntity closestPlayer = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld().getClosestPlayer(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, -1.0, EntityPredicates.VALID_ENTITY);
-                if (closestPlayer != null)
+                return EntityValue.of(closestPlayer);
-                {
-                    Value retval = new EntityValue(closestPlayer);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> retval;
-                }
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             }
-            String playerName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String playerName = lv.get(0).getString();
             Value retval = Value.NULL;
             if ("all".equalsIgnoreCase(playerName))
             {
@@ -114,37 +101,36 @@ public class Entities {
                 if (player != null)
                     retval = new EntityValue(player);
             }
-            Value finalVar = retval;
+            return retval;
-            return (_c, _t) -> finalVar;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("spawn", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("spawn", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             if (lv.size() < 2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'spawn' function takes mob name, and position to spawn");
-            String entityString = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String entityString = lv.get(0).getString();
             Identifier entityId;
             try
             {
                 entityId = Identifier.fromCommandInput(new StringReader(entityString));
                 EntityType<? extends Entity> type = Registry.ENTITY_TYPE.getOrEmpty(entityId).orElse(null);
                 if (type == null || !type.isSummonable())
-                    return LazyValue.NULL;
+                    return Value.NULL;
             }
             catch (CommandSyntaxException exception)
             {
-                 return LazyValue.NULL;
+                 return Value.NULL;
             }
 
-            Vector3Argument position = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1);
+            Vector3Argument position = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1);
             if (position.fromBlock)
                 position.vec = position.vec.subtract(0, 0.5, 0);
             CompoundTag tag = new CompoundTag();
             boolean hasTag = false;
             if (lv.size() > position.offset)
             {
-                Value nbt = lv.get(position.offset).evalValue(c);
+                Value nbt = lv.get(position.offset);
                 NBTSerializableValue v = (nbt instanceof NBTSerializableValue) ? (NBTSerializableValue) nbt
                         : NBTSerializableValue.parseString(nbt.getString(), true);
                 hasTag = true;
@@ -160,51 +146,38 @@ public class Entities {
                 return !serverWorld.tryLoadEntity(entity_1x) ? null : entity_1x;
             });
             if (entity_1 == null) {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+                return Value.NULL;
             } else {
                 if (!hasTag && entity_1 instanceof MobEntity) {
                     ((MobEntity)entity_1).initialize(serverWorld, serverWorld.getLocalDifficulty(entity_1.getBlockPos()), SpawnReason.COMMAND, null, null);
                 }
-                Value res = new EntityValue(entity_1);
+                return new EntityValue(entity_1);
-                return (_c, _t) -> res;
             }
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_id", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_id", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            Value who = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value who = lv.get(0);
-            Entity e;
             if (who instanceof NumericValue)
-            {
+                return EntityValue.of(((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld().getEntityById((int)((NumericValue) who).getLong()));
-                e = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld().getEntityById((int)((NumericValue) who).getLong());
+            return EntityValue.of(((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld().getEntity(UUID.fromString(who.getString())));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                e = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getWorld().getEntity(UUID.fromString(who.getString()));
-            }
-            if (e==null)
-            {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
-            }
-            return (cc, tt) -> new EntityValue(e);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_list", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_list", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            String who = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String who = lv.get(0).getString();
             ServerCommandSource source = ((CarpetContext)c).s;
             EntityValue.EntityClassDescriptor eDesc = EntityValue.getEntityDescriptor(who, source.getMinecraftServer());
             List<Entity> entityList = source.getWorld().getEntitiesByType(eDesc.directType, eDesc.filteringPredicate);
-            Value retval = ListValue.wrap(entityList.stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            return ListValue.wrap(entityList.stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-            return (_c, _t ) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_area", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_area", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size()<3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'entity_area' requires entity type, center and range arguments");
-            String who = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String who = lv.get(0).getString();
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            Vector3Argument centerLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, 1, false, true);
+            Vector3Argument centerLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 1, false, true);
 
             Box centerBox;
             if (centerLocator.entity != null)
@@ -217,90 +190,87 @@ public class Entities {
                 if (centerLocator.fromBlock) center.add(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
                 centerBox = new Box(center, center);
             }
-            Vector3Argument rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(cc, lv, centerLocator.offset);
+            Vector3Argument rangeLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, centerLocator.offset);
             if (rangeLocator.fromBlock)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Range of 'entity_area' cannot come from a block argument");
             Vec3d range = rangeLocator.vec;
             Box area = centerBox.expand(range.x, range.y, range.z);
             EntityValue.EntityClassDescriptor eDesc = EntityValue.getEntityDescriptor(who, cc.s.getMinecraftServer());
             List<? extends Entity> entityList = cc.s.getWorld().getEntitiesByType(eDesc.directType, area,eDesc.filteringPredicate);
-            Value retval = ListValue.wrap(entityList.stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            return ListValue.wrap(entityList.stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-            return (_c, _t ) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_selector", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_selector", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            String selector = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String selector = lv.get(0).getString();
             List<Value> retlist = new ArrayList<>();
             for (Entity e: EntityValue.getEntitiesFromSelector(((CarpetContext)c).s, selector))
             {
                 retlist.add(new EntityValue(e));
             }
-            return (c_, t_) -> ListValue.wrap(retlist);
+            return ListValue.wrap(retlist);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("query", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("query", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size()<2)
             {
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'query' takes entity as a first argument, and queried feature as a second");
             }
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
             if (!(v instanceof EntityValue))
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("First argument to query should be an entity");
-            String what = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            String what = lv.get(1).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             if (what.equals("tags"))
                 c.host.issueDeprecation("'tags' for entity querying");
             Value retval;
             if (lv.size()==2)
                 retval = ((EntityValue) v).get(what, null);
             else if (lv.size()==3)
-                retval = ((EntityValue) v).get(what, lv.get(2).evalValue(c));
+                retval = ((EntityValue) v).get(what, lv.get(2));
             else
-                retval = ((EntityValue) v).get(what, ListValue.wrap(lv.subList(2, lv.size()).stream().map((vv) -> vv.evalValue(c)).collect(Collectors.toList())));
+                retval = ((EntityValue) v).get(what, ListValue.wrap(lv.subList(2, lv.size())));
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
+            return retval;
         });
 
         // or update
-        expression.addLazyFunction("modify", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("modify", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size()<2)
             {
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'modify' takes entity as a first argument, and queried feature as a second");
             }
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
             if (!(v instanceof EntityValue))
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("First argument to modify should be an entity");
-            String what = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String what = lv.get(1).getString();
             if (lv.size()==2)
                 ((EntityValue) v).set(what, null);
             else if (lv.size()==3)
-                ((EntityValue) v).set(what, lv.get(2).evalValue(c));
+                ((EntityValue) v).set(what, lv.get(2));
             else
-                ((EntityValue) v).set(what, ListValue.wrap(lv.subList(2, lv.size()).stream().map((vv) -> vv.evalValue(c)).collect(Collectors.toList())));
+                ((EntityValue) v).set(what, ListValue.wrap(lv.subList(2, lv.size())));
-            return (cc, tt) -> v;
+            return v;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_types", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_types", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-
             if (lv.size() > 1) throw new InternalExpressionException("'entity_types' requires one or no arguments");
-            String desc = (lv.size() == 1)?lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString():"*";
+            String desc = (lv.size() == 1)?lv.get(0).getString():"*";
-            Value ret = EntityValue.getEntityDescriptor(desc, ((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer()).listValue;
+            return EntityValue.getEntityDescriptor(desc, ((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer()).listValue;
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_load_handler", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_load_handler", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (c.host.isPerUser()) throw new InternalExpressionException("'entity_load_handler' can only be called in apps with global scope");
             if (lv.size() < 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'entity_load_handler' required the entity type, and a function to call");
-            Value entityValue = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value entityValue = lv.get(0);
             List<String> descriptors = (entityValue instanceof ListValue)
                     ? ((ListValue) entityValue).getItems().stream().map(Value::getString).collect(Collectors.toList())
                     : Collections.singletonList(entityValue.getString());
             Set<EntityType<? extends Entity>> types = new HashSet<>();
             descriptors.forEach(s -> types.addAll(EntityValue.getEntityDescriptor(s, ((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer()).typeList));
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> funArg = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, true, false);
+            FunctionArgument funArg = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, true, false);
             CarpetEventServer events = ((CarpetScriptHost)c.host).getScriptServer().events;
             if (funArg.function == null)
             {
@@ -308,27 +278,26 @@ public class Entities {
             }
             else
             {
-                types.forEach(et -> events.addBuiltInEvent(CarpetEventServer.Event.getEntityLoadEventName(et), c.host, funArg.function, FunctionValue.resolveArgs(funArg.args, c, t)));
+                types.forEach(et -> events.addBuiltInEvent(CarpetEventServer.Event.getEntityLoadEventName(et), c.host, funArg.function, funArg.args));
             }
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(types.size());
+            return new NumericValue(types.size());
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
         // or update
-        expression.addLazyFunction("entity_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("entity_event", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size()<3)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'entity_event' requires at least 3 arguments, entity, event to be handled, and function name, with optional arguments");
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
             if (!(v instanceof EntityValue))
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("First argument to entity_event should be an entity");
-            String what = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String what = lv.get(1).getString();
 
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> funArg = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 2, true, false);
+            FunctionArgument funArg = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 2, true, false);
 
-            ((EntityValue) v).setEvent((CarpetContext)c, what, funArg.function, FunctionValue.resolveArgs(funArg.args, c, t));
+            ((EntityValue) v).setEvent((CarpetContext)c, what, funArg.function, funArg.args);
 
-            return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return Value.NULL;
         });
     }
 }

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Inventories.java

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import carpet.fakes.IngredientInterface;
 import carpet.fakes.RecipeManagerInterface;
 import carpet.script.CarpetContext;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
-import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.exception.ThrowStatement;
 import carpet.script.exception.Throwables;
+import carpet.script.value.BooleanValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NBTSerializableValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NullValue;
@@ -49,68 +49,52 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 public class Inventories {
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunction("stack_limit", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("stack_limit", v ->
-        {
+                new NumericValue(NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(v.getString()).getItem().getMaxCount()));
-            ItemStackArgument item = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString());
-            Value res = new NumericValue(item.getItem().getMaxCount());
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("item_category", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("item_category", v ->
         {
-            ItemStackArgument item = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString());
+            ItemStackArgument item = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(v.getString());
-            
             ItemGroup ig = item.getItem().getGroup();
-            Value res = (ig==null)?Value.NULL:new StringValue(ig.getName());
+            return (ig==null)?Value.NULL:new StringValue(ig.getName());
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("item_list", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("item_list", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
-            {
+                return ListValue.wrap(Registry.ITEM.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value res = ListValue.wrap(Registry.ITEM.getIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                return (cc, tt) -> res;
-            }
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             TagManager tagManager = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getTagManager();
-            String tag = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String tag = lv.get(0).getString();
             net.minecraft.tag.Tag<Item> itemTag = tagManager.getItems().getTag(new Identifier(tag));
-            if (itemTag == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (itemTag == null) return Value.NULL;
-            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(itemTag.values().stream().map(b -> ValueConversions.of(Registry.ITEM.getId(b))).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            return ListValue.wrap(itemTag.values().stream().map(b -> ValueConversions.of(Registry.ITEM.getId(b))).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("item_tags", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("item_tags", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             TagManager tagManager = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getTagManager();
             if (lv.size() == 0)
-            {
+                return ListValue.wrap(tagManager.getItems().getTagIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(tagManager.getItems().getTagIds().stream().map(ValueConversions::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            Item item = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(0).getString()).getItem();
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            }
-            Item item = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString()).getItem();
             if (lv.size() == 1)
-            {
+                return ListValue.wrap(tagManager.getItems().getTags().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> e.getValue().contains(item)).map(e -> ValueConversions.of(e.getKey())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(tagManager.getItems().getTags().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> e.getValue().contains(item)).map(e -> ValueConversions.of(e.getKey())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            String tag = lv.get(1).getString();
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            }
-            String tag = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
             net.minecraft.tag.Tag<Item> itemTag = tagManager.getItems().getTag(new Identifier(tag));
-            if (itemTag == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (itemTag == null) return Value.NULL;
-            return item.isIn(itemTag)?LazyValue.TRUE:LazyValue.FALSE;
+            return BooleanValue.of(item.isIn(itemTag));
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("recipe_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("recipe_data", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             if (lv.size() < 1) throw new InternalExpressionException("'recipe_data' requires at least one argument");
-            String recipeName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String recipeName = lv.get(0).getString();
             RecipeType type = RecipeType.CRAFTING;
             if (lv.size() > 1)
             {
-                String recipeType = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+                String recipeType = lv.get(1).getString();
                 try
                 {
                     type = Registry.RECIPE_TYPE.get(new Identifier(recipeType));
@@ -123,7 +107,7 @@ public class Inventories {
             List<Recipe<?>> recipes;
             recipes = ((RecipeManagerInterface) cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getRecipeManager()).getAllMatching(type, new Identifier(recipeName));
             if (recipes.isEmpty())
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+                return Value.NULL;
             List<Value> recipesOutput = new ArrayList<>();
             for (Recipe<?> recipe: recipes)
             {
@@ -143,7 +127,7 @@ public class Inventories {
                             else
                             {
                                 List<Value> alternatives = new ArrayList<>();
-                                stacks.forEach(col -> col.stream().map(ListValue::fromItemStack).forEach(alternatives::add));
+                                stacks.forEach(col -> col.stream().map(ValueConversions::of).forEach(alternatives::add));
                                 ingredientValue.add(ListValue.wrap(alternatives));
                             }
                         }
@@ -182,91 +166,75 @@ public class Inventories {
                     recipeSpec = ListValue.of(new StringValue("custom"));
                 }
 
-                recipesOutput.add(ListValue.of(ListValue.fromItemStack(result), ListValue.wrap(ingredientValue), recipeSpec));
+                recipesOutput.add(ListValue.of(ValueConversions.of(result), ListValue.wrap(ingredientValue), recipeSpec));
             }
-            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(recipesOutput);
+            return ListValue.wrap(recipesOutput);
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("crafting_remaining_item", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addUnaryFunction("crafting_remaining_item", v ->
         {
-            String itemStr = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String itemStr = v.getString();
             Item item;
             Identifier id = new Identifier(itemStr);
             item = Registry.ITEM.getOrEmpty(id).orElseThrow(() -> new ThrowStatement(itemStr, Throwables.UNKNOWN_ITEM));
-
+            if (!item.hasRecipeRemainder()) return Value.NULL;
-            if (!item.hasRecipeRemainder()) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return new StringValue(NBTSerializableValue.nameFromRegistryId(Registry.ITEM.getId(item.getRecipeRemainder())));
-            Value ret = new StringValue(NBTSerializableValue.nameFromRegistryId(Registry.ITEM.getId(item.getRecipeRemainder())));
-            return (_c, _t ) -> ret;
         });
 
-
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_size", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_size", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
+            return new NumericValue(inventoryLocator.inventory.size());
-            Value res = new NumericValue(inventoryLocator.inventory.size());
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_has_items", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_has_items", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
+            return new NumericValue(!inventoryLocator.inventory.isEmpty());
-            Value res = new NumericValue(!inventoryLocator.inventory.isEmpty());
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
         });
 
         //inventory_get(<b, e>, <n>) -> item_triple
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_get", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_get", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             if (lv.size() == inventoryLocator.offset)
             {
                 List<Value> fullInventory = new ArrayList<>();
                 for (int i = 0, maxi = inventoryLocator.inventory.size(); i < maxi; i++)
-                {
+                    fullInventory.add(ValueConversions.of(inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(i)));
-                    fullInventory.add(ListValue.fromItemStack(inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(i)));
+                return ListValue.wrap(fullInventory);
-                }
-                Value res = ListValue.wrap(fullInventory);
-                return (_c, _t) -> res;
             }
-            int slot = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            int slot = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset)).getLong();
             slot = NBTSerializableValue.validateSlot(slot, inventoryLocator.inventory);
-            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size())
+            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size()) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
+            return ValueConversions.of(inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(slot));
-            Value res = ListValue.fromItemStack(inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(slot));
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
         });
 
         //inventory_set(<b,e>, <n>, <count>, <item>, <nbt>)
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_set", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_set", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             if (lv.size() < inventoryLocator.offset+2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'inventory_set' requires at least slot number and new stack size, and optional new item");
-            int slot = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+0).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            int slot = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+0)).getLong();
             slot = NBTSerializableValue.validateSlot(slot, inventoryLocator.inventory);
-            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size())
+            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size()) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
+            int count = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1)).getLong();
-            int count = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1).evalValue(c)).getLong();
             if (count == 0)
             {
                 // clear slot
                 ItemStack removedStack = inventoryLocator.inventory.removeStack(slot);
                 syncPlayerInventory(inventoryLocator, slot);
                 //Value res = ListValue.fromItemStack(removedStack); // that tuple will be read only but cheaper if noone cares
-                return (_c, _t) -> ListValue.fromItemStack(removedStack);
+                return ValueConversions.of(removedStack);
             }
             if (lv.size() < inventoryLocator.offset+3)
             {
@@ -275,12 +243,12 @@ public class Inventories {
                 newStack.setCount(count);
                 inventoryLocator.inventory.setStack(slot, newStack);
                 syncPlayerInventory(inventoryLocator, slot);
-                return (_c, _t) -> ListValue.fromItemStack(previousStack);
+                return ValueConversions.of(previousStack);
             }
             CompoundTag nbt = null; // skipping one argument
             if (lv.size() > inventoryLocator.offset+3)
             {
-                Value nbtValue = lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+3).evalValue(c);
+                Value nbtValue = lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+3);
                 if (nbtValue instanceof NBTSerializableValue)
                     nbt = ((NBTSerializableValue)nbtValue).getCompoundTag();
                 else if (nbtValue instanceof NullValue)
@@ -288,11 +256,7 @@ public class Inventories {
                 else
                     nbt = new NBTSerializableValue(nbtValue.getString()).getCompoundTag();
             }
-            ItemStackArgument newitem = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(
+            ItemStackArgument newitem = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+2).getString(), nbt);
-                    lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+2).evalValue(c).getString(),
-                    nbt
-            );
-
             ItemStack previousStack = inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(slot);
             try
             {
@@ -303,62 +267,52 @@ public class Inventories {
             {
                 throw new InternalExpressionException(e.getMessage());
             }
-            return (_c, _t) -> ListValue.fromItemStack(previousStack);
+            return ValueConversions.of(previousStack);
         });
 
         //inventory_find(<b, e>, <item> or null (first empty slot), <start_from=0> ) -> <N> or null
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_find", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_find", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             ItemStackArgument itemArg = null;
             if (lv.size() > inventoryLocator.offset)
             {
-                Value secondArg = lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+0).evalValue(c);
+                Value secondArg = lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+0);
                 if (!(secondArg instanceof NullValue))
                     itemArg = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(secondArg.getString());
             }
             int startIndex = 0;
             if (lv.size() > inventoryLocator.offset+1)
             {
-                startIndex = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                startIndex = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1)).getLong();
             }
             startIndex = NBTSerializableValue.validateSlot(startIndex, inventoryLocator.inventory);
             for (int i = startIndex, maxi = inventoryLocator.inventory.size(); i < maxi; i++)
             {
                 ItemStack stack = inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(i);
                 if ( (itemArg == null && stack.isEmpty()) || (itemArg != null && itemArg.getItem().equals(stack.getItem())) )
-                {
+                    return new NumericValue(i);
-                    Value res = new NumericValue(i);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> res;
-                }
             }
-            return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
+            return Value.NULL;
         });
 
         //inventory_remove(<b, e>, <item>, <amount=1>) -> bool
-        expression.addLazyFunction("inventory_remove", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("inventory_remove", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             if (lv.size() <= inventoryLocator.offset)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'inventory_remove' requires at least an item to be removed");
-            ItemStackArgument searchItem = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset).evalValue(c).getString());
+            ItemStackArgument searchItem = NBTSerializableValue.parseItem(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset).getString());
             int amount = 1;
             if (lv.size() > inventoryLocator.offset+1)
-            {
+                amount = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1)).getLong();
-                amount = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1).evalValue(c)).getLong();
-            }
             // not enough
             if (((amount == 1) && (!inventoryLocator.inventory.containsAny(Sets.newHashSet(searchItem.getItem()))))
-                    || (inventoryLocator.inventory.count(searchItem.getItem()) < amount))
+                    || (inventoryLocator.inventory.count(searchItem.getItem()) < amount)) return Value.FALSE;
-            {
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.FALSE;
-            }
             for (int i = 0, maxi = inventoryLocator.inventory.size(); i < maxi; i++)
             {
                 ItemStack stack = inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(i);
@@ -372,7 +326,7 @@ public class Inventories {
                     stack.setCount(left);
                     inventoryLocator.inventory.setStack(i, stack);
                     syncPlayerInventory(inventoryLocator, i);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> Value.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -383,37 +337,30 @@ public class Inventories {
             }
             if (amount > 0)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Something bad happened - cannot pull all items from inventory");
-            return (_c, _t) -> Value.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
         //inventory_drop(<b, e>, <n>, <amount=1, 0-whatever's there>) -> entity_item (and sets slot) or null if cannot
-        expression.addLazyFunction("drop_item", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("drop_item", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext) c;
             NBTSerializableValue.InventoryLocator inventoryLocator = NBTSerializableValue.locateInventory(cc, lv, 0);
-            if (inventoryLocator == null)
+            if (inventoryLocator == null) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             if (lv.size() == inventoryLocator.offset)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Slot number is required for inventory_drop");
-            int slot = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            int slot = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset)).getLong();
             slot = NBTSerializableValue.validateSlot(slot, inventoryLocator.inventory);
-            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size())
+            if (slot == inventoryLocator.inventory.size()) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.NULL;
             int amount = 0;
             if (lv.size() > inventoryLocator.offset+1)
-                amount = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+                amount = (int)NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(inventoryLocator.offset+1)).getLong();
             if (amount < 0)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Cannot throw negative number of items");
             ItemStack stack = inventoryLocator.inventory.getStack(slot);
-            if (stack == null || stack.isEmpty())
+            if (stack == null || stack.isEmpty()) return Value.ZERO;
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.ZERO;
+            if (amount == 0) amount = stack.getCount();
-            if (amount == 0)
-                amount = stack.getCount();
             ItemStack droppedStack = inventoryLocator.inventory.removeStack(slot, amount);
-            if (droppedStack.isEmpty())
+            if (droppedStack.isEmpty()) return Value.ZERO;
-            {
-                return (_c, _t) -> Value.ZERO;
-            }
             Object owner = inventoryLocator.owner;
             ItemEntity item;
             if (owner instanceof PlayerEntity)
@@ -438,8 +385,7 @@ public class Inventories {
                 item.setToDefaultPickupDelay();
                 cc.s.getWorld().spawnEntity(item);
             }
-            Value res = new NumericValue(item.getStack().getCount());
+            return new NumericValue(item.getStack().getCount());
-            return (_c, _t) -> res;
         });
     }
 

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Monitoring.java

@@ -25,31 +25,29 @@ public class Monitoring {
 
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunction("system_info", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("system_info", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
             {
-                Value ret = SystemInfo.getAll((CarpetContext) c);
+                return SystemInfo.getAll((CarpetContext) c);
-                return (cc, tt) -> ret;
             }
             if (lv.size() == 1) {
-                String what = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+                String what = lv.get(0).getString();
                 Value res = SystemInfo.get(what, (CarpetContext) c);
                 if (res == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown option for 'system_info': " + what);
-                return (cc, tt) -> res;
+                return res;
             }
             throw new InternalExpressionException("'system_info' requires one or no parameters");
         });
         // game processed snooper functions
-        expression.addLazyFunction("get_mob_counts", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("get_mob_counts", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerWorld world = cc.s.getWorld();
             SpawnHelper.Info info = world.getChunkManager().getSpawnInfo();
-            if (info == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (info == null) return Value.NULL;
             Object2IntMap<SpawnGroup> mobcounts = info.getGroupToCount();
             int chunks = ((SpawnHelperInnerInterface)info).cmGetChunkCount();
-            Value retVal;
             if (lv.size() == 0)
             {
                 Map<Value, Value> retDict = new HashMap<>();
@@ -63,19 +61,15 @@ public class Monitoring {
                                     new NumericValue(currentCap))
                     );
                 }
-                retVal = MapValue.wrap(retDict);
+                return MapValue.wrap(retDict);
             }
-            else
+            String catString = lv.get(0).getString();
-            {
+            SpawnGroup cat = SpawnGroup.byName(catString.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
-                String catString = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            if (cat == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unreconized mob category: "+catString);
-                SpawnGroup cat = SpawnGroup.byName(catString.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
+            return ListValue.of(
-                if (cat == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unreconized mob category: "+catString);
+                    new NumericValue(mobcounts.getInt(cat)),
-                retVal = ListValue.of(
+                    new NumericValue((int)(cat.getCapacity() * chunks / SpawnReporter.currentMagicNumber()))
-                        new NumericValue(mobcounts.getInt(cat)),
+            );
-                        new NumericValue((int)(cat.getCapacity() * chunks / SpawnReporter.currentMagicNumber()))
-                );
-            }
-            return (_c, _t) -> retVal;
         });
     }
 }

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Scoreboards.java

@@ -64,77 +64,68 @@ public class Scoreboards {
     {
         // scoreboard(player,'objective')
         // scoreboard(player, objective, newValue)
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scoreboard", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("scoreboard", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             Scoreboard scoreboard =  cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
             if (lv.size()==0)
-            {
+                return ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getObjectiveNames().stream().map(StringValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getObjectiveNames().stream().map(StringValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).getString();
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            }
-            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
             ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(objectiveName);
-            if (objective == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (objective == null) return Value.NULL;
             if (lv.size()==1)
+                return ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getAllPlayerScores(objective).stream().map(s -> new StringValue(s.getPlayerName())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            String key = getScoreboardKeyFromValue(lv.get(1));
+            if(lv.size()==2)
             {
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getAllPlayerScores(objective).stream().map(s -> new StringValue(s.getPlayerName())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                if(!scoreboard.playerHasObjective(key, objective)) return Value.NULL;
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+                return NumericValue.of(scoreboard.getPlayerScore(key,objective).getScore());
             }
 
-            String key = getScoreboardKeyFromValue(lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
+            Value value = lv.get(2);
-            if(lv.size()==2) {
-                if(scoreboard.playerHasObjective(key, objective)) {
-                    return (_c,_t) -> NumericValue.of(scoreboard.getPlayerScore(key,objective).getScore());
-                }
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
-            }
-
-            Value value = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
             if(value.isNull()) {
                 ScoreboardPlayerScore score = scoreboard.getPlayerScore(key, objective);
                 scoreboard.resetPlayerScore(key,objective);
-                return (_c,_t) -> NumericValue.of(score.getScore());
+                return NumericValue.of(score.getScore());
             }
             if (value instanceof NumericValue) {
                 ScoreboardPlayerScore score = scoreboard.getPlayerScore(key, objective);
                 score.setScore(NumericValue.asNumber(value).getInt());
-                return (_c,_t) -> NumericValue.of(score.getScore());
+                return NumericValue.of(score.getScore());
             }
             throw new InternalExpressionException("'scoreboard' requires a number or null as the third parameter");
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scoreboard_remove", -1, (c, t, lv)->
+        expression.addContextFunction("scoreboard_remove", -1, (c, t, lv)->
         {
             if (lv.size()==0) throw new InternalExpressionException("'scoreboard_remove' requires at least one parameter");
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             Scoreboard scoreboard =  cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).getString();
             ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(objectiveName);
-            if (objective == null)
+            if (objective == null) return Value.FALSE;
-                return LazyValue.FALSE;
             if (lv.size() == 1)
             {
                 scoreboard.removeObjective(objective);
-                return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                return Value.TRUE;
             }
-            String key = getScoreboardKeyFromValue(lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
+            String key = getScoreboardKeyFromValue(lv.get(1));
-            if (!scoreboard.playerHasObjective(key, objective)) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (!scoreboard.playerHasObjective(key, objective)) return Value.NULL;
             ScoreboardPlayerScore scoreboardPlayerScore = scoreboard.getPlayerScore(key, objective);
             Value previous = new NumericValue(scoreboardPlayerScore.getScore());
             scoreboard.resetPlayerScore(key, objective);
-            return (c_, t_) -> previous;
+            return previous;
         });
 
         // objective_add('lvl','level')
         // objective_add('counter')
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scoreboard_add", -1, (c, t, lv)->
+        expression.addContextFunction("scoreboard_add", -1, (c, t, lv)->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             Scoreboard scoreboard =  cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
             if (lv.size() == 0 || lv.size()>2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'scoreboard_add' should have one or two parameters");
-            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String objectiveName = lv.get(0).getString();
             ScoreboardCriterion criterion;
             if (lv.size() == 1 )
             {
@@ -142,7 +133,7 @@ public class Scoreboards {
             }
             else
             {
-                String critetionName = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+                String critetionName = lv.get(1).getString();
                 criterion = ScoreboardCriterion.createStatCriterion(critetionName).orElse(null);
                 if (criterion==null)
                 {
@@ -153,62 +144,62 @@ public class Scoreboards {
             ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(objectiveName);
             if (objective != null) {
                 c.host.issueDeprecation("reading or modifying an objective's criterion with scoreboard_add");
-                if(lv.size() == 1) return (_c, _t) -> StringValue.of(objective.getCriterion().getName());
+                if(lv.size() == 1) return StringValue.of(objective.getCriterion().getName());
-                if(objective.getCriterion().equals(criterion) || lv.size() == 1) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                if(objective.getCriterion().equals(criterion) || lv.size() == 1) return Value.NULL;
                 ((Scoreboard_scarpetMixin)scoreboard).getObjectivesByCriterion().get(objective.getCriterion()).remove(objective);
                 ((ScoreboardObjective_scarpetMixin) objective).setCriterion(criterion);
                 (((Scoreboard_scarpetMixin)scoreboard).getObjectivesByCriterion().computeIfAbsent(criterion, (criterion1) -> Lists.newArrayList())).add(objective);
                 scoreboard.updateObjective(objective);
-                return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                return Value.FALSE;
             }
 
             scoreboard.addObjective(objectiveName, criterion, new LiteralText(objectiveName), criterion.getCriterionType());
-            return LazyValue.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scoreboard_property", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("scoreboard_property", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if(lv.size() < 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("'scoreboard_property' requires at least two parameters");
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             Scoreboard scoreboard =  cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString());
+            ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(lv.get(0).getString());
-            if(objective == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if(objective == null) return Value.NULL;
 
             boolean modify = lv.size() > 2;
             Value setValue = null;
             if(modify) {
-                setValue = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                setValue = lv.get(2);
             }
-            String property = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String property = lv.get(1).getString();
             switch (property) {
                 case "criterion":
                     if(modify) {
                         ScoreboardCriterion criterion = ScoreboardCriterion.createStatCriterion(setValue.getString()).orElse(null);
                         if (criterion==null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown scoreboard criterion: "+ setValue.getString());
-                        if(objective.getCriterion().equals(criterion) || lv.size() == 1) return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                        if(objective.getCriterion().equals(criterion) || lv.size() == 1) return Value.FALSE;
                         ((Scoreboard_scarpetMixin)scoreboard).getObjectivesByCriterion().get(objective.getCriterion()).remove(objective);
                         ((ScoreboardObjective_scarpetMixin) objective).setCriterion(criterion);
                         (((Scoreboard_scarpetMixin)scoreboard).getObjectivesByCriterion().computeIfAbsent(criterion, (criterion1) -> Lists.newArrayList())).add(objective);
                         scoreboard.updateObjective(objective);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
-                    return (_c, _t) -> StringValue.of(objective.getCriterion().getName());
+                    return StringValue.of(objective.getCriterion().getName());
                 case "display_name":
                     if(modify) {
                         Text text = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(setValue);
                         objective.setDisplayName(text);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
-                    return (_c, _t) -> new FormattedTextValue(objective.getDisplayName());
+                    return new FormattedTextValue(objective.getDisplayName());
                 case "display_slot":
                     if(modify) {
                         int slotId = Scoreboard.getDisplaySlotId(setValue.getString());
                         if(slotId == -1) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown scoreboard display slot: " + setValue.getString());
                         if(objective.equals(scoreboard.getObjectiveForSlot(slotId))) {
-                            return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                            return Value.FALSE;
                         }
                         scoreboard.setObjectiveSlot(slotId,objective);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
 
                     List<Value> slots = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -218,325 +209,247 @@ public class Scoreboards {
                             slots.add(StringValue.of(slotName));
                         }
                     }
-                    return (_c, _t) -> ListValue.wrap(slots);
+                    return ListValue.wrap(slots);
                 case "render_type":
                     if(modify) {
                         ScoreboardCriterion.RenderType renderType = ScoreboardCriterion.RenderType.getType(setValue.getString().toLowerCase());
-                        if(objective.getRenderType().equals(renderType)) return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                        if(objective.getRenderType().equals(renderType)) return Value.FALSE;
                         objective.setRenderType(renderType);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
-                    return (_c, _t) -> StringValue.of(objective.getRenderType().getName());
+                    return StringValue.of(objective.getRenderType().getName());
                 default:
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("scoreboard property '" + property + "' is not a valid property");
             }
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("scoreboard_display", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("scoreboard_display", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             Scoreboard scoreboard =  cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            String location = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String location = lv.get(0).getString();
             int slot = Scoreboard.getDisplaySlotId(location);
             if (slot < 0) throw new InternalExpressionException("Invalid objective slot: "+location);
-            Value target = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+            Value target = lv.get(1);
             if (target instanceof NullValue)
             {
                 scoreboard.setObjectiveSlot(slot, null);
-                return (_c, _t) -> new NumericValue(slot);
+                return new NumericValue(slot);
             }
             String objectiveString = target.getString();
             ScoreboardObjective objective = scoreboard.getObjective(objectiveString);
-            if (objective == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if (objective == null) return Value.NULL;
             scoreboard.setObjectiveSlot(slot, objective);
-            return (_c, _t) -> new NumericValue(slot);
+            return new NumericValue(slot);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("team_list", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("team_list", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if(lv.size() > 1) throw new InternalExpressionException("'team_list' requires zero or one parameters");
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            if(lv.size() == 0) {
+            if(lv.size() == 0)
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getTeamNames().stream().map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                return ListValue.wrap(scoreboard.getTeamNames().stream().map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+            if (lv.size() != 1) return Value.NULL;
-            } else if(lv.size() == 1) {
+            Team team = scoreboard.getTeam(lv.get(0).getString());
-                Team team = scoreboard.getTeam(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString());
+            if(team == null) return Value.NULL;
-                if(team == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            return ListValue.wrap(team.getPlayerList().stream().map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(team.getPlayerList().stream().map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            } else {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
-            }
         });
 
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("team_add", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("team_add", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if(!(lv.size() < 3 && lv.size() > 0)) throw new InternalExpressionException("'team_add' requires one or two parameters");
 
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            String teamName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String teamName = lv.get(0).getString();
 
-            if(lv.size() == 1) {
+            if(lv.size() == 1)
-                if(scoreboard.getTeam(teamName) == null) {
+            {
-                    scoreboard.addTeam(teamName);
+                if (scoreboard.getTeam(teamName) != null) return Value.NULL;
-                    Value ret = new StringValue(teamName);
+                scoreboard.addTeam(teamName);
-                    return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+                return new StringValue(teamName);
-                } else {
-                    return LazyValue.NULL;
-                }
-            } else if(lv.size() == 2) {
-                Value playerVal = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
-
-                String player = EntityValue.getPlayerNameByValue(playerVal);
-                if(player == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
-
-                Team team = scoreboard.getTeam(teamName);
-                if(team == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
-
-                if(team.isEqual(scoreboard.getPlayerTeam(player))) {
-                    return LazyValue.FALSE;
-                } else {
-                    scoreboard.addPlayerToTeam(player,scoreboard.getTeam(teamName));
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
             }
-        });
+            if(lv.size() != 2) return Value.NULL;
-
+            Value playerVal = lv.get(1);
-        expression.addLazyFunction("team_remove", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
-            CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            Value teamVal = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
-
-            String team = teamVal.getString();
-
-            if(scoreboard.getTeam(team) != null) {
-                scoreboard.removeTeam(scoreboard.getTeam(team));
-                return LazyValue.TRUE;
-            } else {
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
-            }
-        });
-
-
-        expression.addLazyFunction("team_leave", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
-            CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
-            ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
-            Value playerVal = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
-
             String player = EntityValue.getPlayerNameByValue(playerVal);
-            if(player == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if(player == null) return Value.NULL;
-
+            Team team = scoreboard.getTeam(teamName);
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(scoreboard.clearPlayerTeam(player));
+            if(team == null) return Value.NULL;
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+            if(team.isEqual(scoreboard.getPlayerTeam(player))) return Value.FALSE;
+            scoreboard.addPlayerToTeam(player,scoreboard.getTeam(teamName));
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("team_property", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("team_remove", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        {
+            CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
+            ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
+            Value teamVal = lv.get(0);
+            String team = teamVal.getString();
+            if(scoreboard.getTeam(team) == null) return Value.NULL;
+            scoreboard.removeTeam(scoreboard.getTeam(team));
+            return Value.TRUE;
+        });
+
+
+        expression.addContextFunction("team_leave", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        {
+            CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
+            ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
+            Value playerVal = lv.get(0);
+            String player = EntityValue.getPlayerNameByValue(playerVal);
+            if(player == null) return Value.NULL;
+            return new NumericValue(scoreboard.clearPlayerTeam(player));
+        });
+
+        expression.addContextFunction("team_property", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             ServerScoreboard scoreboard = cc.s.getMinecraftServer().getScoreboard();
 
             if(lv.size() < 2 || lv.size() > 3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires two or three arguments");
 
-            Value teamVal = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value teamVal = lv.get(0);
-            Value propertyVal = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+            Value propertyVal = lv.get(1);
 
             Value settingVal = null;
             boolean modifying = false;
-            if(lv.size() == 3) {
+            if(lv.size() == 3)
+            {
                 modifying = true;
-                settingVal = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                settingVal = lv.get(2);
             }
 
             Team team = scoreboard.getTeam(teamVal.getString());
-            if(team == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if(team == null) return Value.NULL;
 
             if(!(propertyVal instanceof StringValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string as the second argument");
 
             switch (propertyVal.getString()) {
                 case "collisionRule":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new StringValue(team.getCollisionRule().name);
-                        Value ret = new StringValue(team.getCollisionRule().name);
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     AbstractTeam.CollisionRule collisionRule = AbstractTeam.CollisionRule.getRule(settingVal.getString());
                     if(collisionRule == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown value for property " + propertyVal.getString() + ": " + settingVal.getString());
                     team.setCollisionRule(collisionRule);
                     break;
                 case "color":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new StringValue(team.getColor().getName());
-                        Value ret = new StringValue(team.getColor().getName());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     Formatting color = Formatting.byName(settingVal.getString().toUpperCase());
                     if(color == null || !color.isColor()) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown value for property " + propertyVal.getString() + ": " + settingVal.getString());
                     team.setColor(color);
-
                     break;
                 case "deathMessageVisibility":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new StringValue(team.getDeathMessageVisibilityRule().name);
-                        Value ret = new StringValue(team.getDeathMessageVisibilityRule().name);
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     AbstractTeam.VisibilityRule deathMessageVisibility = AbstractTeam.VisibilityRule.getRule(settingVal.getString());
                     if(deathMessageVisibility == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown value for property " + propertyVal.getString() + ": " + settingVal.getString());
                     team.setDeathMessageVisibilityRule(deathMessageVisibility);
-
                     break;
                 case "displayName":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new FormattedTextValue(team.getDisplayName());
-                        Value ret = new FormattedTextValue(team.getDisplayName());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string or formatted text as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     Text displayName;
-
                     displayName = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(settingVal);
-
                     team.setDisplayName(displayName);
-
                     break;
                 case "friendlyFire":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new NumericValue(team.isFriendlyFireAllowed());
-                        Value ret = new NumericValue(team.isFriendlyFireAllowed());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof NumericValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a boolean as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     boolean friendlyFire = settingVal.getBoolean();
                     team.setFriendlyFireAllowed(friendlyFire);
                     break;
                 case "nametagVisibility":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new StringValue(team.getNameTagVisibilityRule().name);
-                        Value ret = new StringValue(team.getNameTagVisibilityRule().name);
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     AbstractTeam.VisibilityRule nametagVisibility = AbstractTeam.VisibilityRule.getRule(settingVal.getString());
                     if(nametagVisibility == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown value for property " + propertyVal.getString() + ": " + settingVal.getString());
                     team.setNameTagVisibilityRule(nametagVisibility);
 
                     break;
                 case "prefix":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new FormattedTextValue(team.getPrefix());
-                        Value ret = new FormattedTextValue(team.getPrefix());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property ' requires a string or formatted text as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     Text prefix;
-
                     prefix = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(settingVal);
-
                     team.setPrefix(prefix);
                     break;
                 case "seeFriendlyInvisibles":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new NumericValue(team.shouldShowFriendlyInvisibles());
-                        Value ret = new NumericValue(team.shouldShowFriendlyInvisibles());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof NumericValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a boolean as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     boolean seeFriendlyInvisibles = settingVal.getBoolean();
                     team.setShowFriendlyInvisibles(seeFriendlyInvisibles);
-
                     break;
                 case "suffix":
-                    if(!modifying) {
+                    if(!modifying) return new FormattedTextValue(team.getSuffix());
-                        Value ret = new FormattedTextValue(team.getSuffix());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-                    }
-
                     if(!(settingVal instanceof StringValue)) throw  new InternalExpressionException("'team_property' requires a string or formatted text as the third argument for the property " + propertyVal.getString());
-
                     Text suffix;
-
                     suffix = FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(settingVal);
-
                     team.setSuffix(suffix);
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("team property '" + propertyVal.getString() + "' is not a valid property");
             }
-            return LazyValue.TRUE;
+            return Value.TRUE;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("bossbar", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("bossbar", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             BossBarManager bossBarManager = ((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer().getBossBarManager();
             if(lv.size() > 3) throw new InternalExpressionException("'bossbar' accepts max three arguments");
 
-            if(lv.size() == 0) {
+            if(lv.size() == 0) return ListValue.wrap(bossBarManager.getAll().stream().map(CommandBossBar::getId).map(Identifier::toString).map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                Value ret = ListValue.wrap(bossBarManager.getAll().stream().map(CommandBossBar::getId).map(Identifier::toString).map(StringValue::of).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
-            }
 
-            String id = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String id = lv.get(0).getString();
             Identifier identifier;
-            try {
+            try
+            {
                 identifier = new Identifier(id);
-            } catch (InvalidIdentifierException invalidIdentifierException) {
+            }
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+            catch (InvalidIdentifierException invalidIdentifierException)
+            {
+                return Value.NULL;
             }
 
-            if(lv.size() == 1) {
+            if(lv.size() == 1)
-                if(bossBarManager.get(identifier) != null) return LazyValue.FALSE;
+            {
-                Value ret = StringValue.of(bossBarManager.add(identifier,new LiteralText(id)).getId().toString());
+                if(bossBarManager.get(identifier) != null) return Value.FALSE;
-                return (_c, _t) -> ret;
+                return StringValue.of(bossBarManager.add(identifier,new LiteralText(id)).getId().toString());
             }
 
-            String property = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String property = lv.get(1).getString();
 
             CommandBossBar bossBar = bossBarManager.get(identifier);
-            if(bossBar == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+            if(bossBar == null) return Value.NULL;
 
-            Value propertyValue = (lv.size() == 3)?lv.get(2).evalValue(c):null;
+            Value propertyValue = (lv.size() == 3)?lv.get(2):null;
 
             switch (property) {
                 case "color":
                     if(propertyValue == null) {
                         BossBar.Color color = (bossBar).getColor();
-                        if(color == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                        if(color == null) return Value.NULL;
-                        return (_c, _t) -> StringValue.of(color.getName());
+                        return StringValue.of(color.getName());
                     }
 
                     BossBar.Color color = BossBar.Color.byName(propertyValue.getString());
-                    if(color == null) return LazyValue.NULL;
+                    if(color == null) return Value.NULL;
                     bossBar.setColor(BossBar.Color.byName(propertyValue.getString()));
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "max":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) return (_c, _t) -> NumericValue.of(bossBar.getMaxValue());
+                    if(propertyValue == null) return NumericValue.of(bossBar.getMaxValue());
 
                     if(!(propertyValue instanceof NumericValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("'bossbar' requires a number as the value for the property " + property);
                     bossBar.setMaxValue(((NumericValue) propertyValue).getInt());
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "name":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) return (_c, _t) -> new FormattedTextValue(bossBar.getName());
+                    if(propertyValue == null) return new FormattedTextValue(bossBar.getName());
 
                     bossBar.setName(FormattedTextValue.getTextByValue(propertyValue));
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "add_player":
                     if(propertyValue == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("Bossbar property " + property + " can't be queried, add a third parameter");
 
@@ -545,27 +458,25 @@ public class Scoreboards {
                             ServerPlayerEntity player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer(),propertyValue);
                             if(player != null) bossBar.addPlayer(player);
                         });
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
 
                     ServerPlayerEntity player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer(), propertyValue);
                     if(player != null) {
                         bossBar.addPlayer(player);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
-                    return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                    return Value.FALSE;
                 case "players":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) {
+                    if (propertyValue == null) return ListValue.wrap(bossBar.getPlayers().stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-                        return (_c, _t) -> ListValue.wrap(bossBar.getPlayers().stream().map(EntityValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                    if(propertyValue instanceof ListValue)
-                    }
+                    {
-
-                    if(propertyValue instanceof ListValue) {
                         bossBar.clearPlayers();
                         ((ListValue) propertyValue).getItems().forEach((v) -> {
                             ServerPlayerEntity p = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(((CarpetContext) c).s.getMinecraftServer(), v);
                             if (p != null) bossBar.addPlayer(p);
                         });
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
 
 
@@ -573,32 +484,29 @@ public class Scoreboards {
                     bossBar.clearPlayers();
                     if (p != null) {
                         bossBar.addPlayer(p);
-                        return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                        return Value.TRUE;
                     }
-                    return LazyValue.FALSE;
+                    return Value.FALSE;
                 case "style":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) {
+                    if(propertyValue == null) return StringValue.of(bossBar.getOverlay().getName());
-                        return (_c, _t) -> StringValue.of(bossBar.getOverlay().getName());
-                    }
-
                     BossBar.Style style = BossBar.Style.byName(propertyValue.getString());
                     if(style == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("'" + propertyValue.getString() + "' is not a valid value for property " + property);
                     bossBar.setOverlay(style);
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "value":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) return (_c, _t) -> NumericValue.of(bossBar.getValue());
+                    if(propertyValue == null) return NumericValue.of(bossBar.getValue());
 
                     if(!(propertyValue instanceof NumericValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("'bossbar' requires a number as the value for the property " + property);
                     bossBar.setValue(((NumericValue) propertyValue).getInt());
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "visible":
-                    if(propertyValue == null) return (_c, _t) -> new NumericValue(bossBar.isVisible());
+                    if(propertyValue == null) return new NumericValue(bossBar.isVisible());
 
                     bossBar.setVisible(propertyValue.getBoolean());
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 case "remove":
                     bossBarManager.remove(bossBar);
-                    return LazyValue.TRUE;
+                    return Value.TRUE;
                 default:
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("Unknown bossbar property " + property);
             }

src/main/java/carpet/script/api/Threading.java

@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ public class Threading
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
         //"overidden" native call to cancel if on main thread
-        expression.addLazyFunction("task_join", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("task_join", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
             if (((CarpetContext)c).s.getMinecraftServer().isOnThread())
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'task_join' cannot be called from main thread to avoid deadlocks");
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
             if (!(v instanceof ThreadValue))
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'task_join' could only be used with a task value");
-            Value ret =  ((ThreadValue) v).join();
+            return ((ThreadValue) v).join();
-            return (_c, _t) -> ret;
         });
 
+        // has to be lazy due to deferred execution of the expression
         expression.addLazyFunctionWithDelegation("task_dock", 1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) -> {
             CarpetContext cc = (CarpetContext)c;
             MinecraftServer server = cc.s.getMinecraftServer();

src/main/java/carpet/script/argument/BlockArgument.java

@@ -29,21 +29,22 @@ public class BlockArgument extends Argument
         block = b;
         this.replacement = replacement;
     }
-    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset)
+
+    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<Value> params, int offset)
     {
         return findIn(c, params,offset, false, false, false);
     }
 
-    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset, boolean acceptString)
+    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<Value> params, int offset, boolean acceptString)
     {
         return findIn(c, params,offset, acceptString, false, false);
     }
 
-    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset, boolean acceptString, boolean optional, boolean anyString)
+    public static BlockArgument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<Value> params, int offset, boolean acceptString, boolean optional, boolean anyString)
     {
         try
         {
-            Value v1 = params.get(0 + offset).evalValue(c);
+            Value v1 = params.get(0 + offset);
             //add conditional from string name
             if (optional && v1 instanceof NullValue)
             {
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ public class BlockArgument extends Argument
                         1+offset);
             }
             int xpos = (int) NumericValue.asNumber(v1).getLong();
-            int ypos = (int) NumericValue.asNumber( params.get(1 + offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            int ypos = (int) NumericValue.asNumber( params.get(1 + offset)).getLong();
-            int zpos = (int) NumericValue.asNumber( params.get(2 + offset).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            int zpos = (int) NumericValue.asNumber( params.get(2 + offset)).getLong();
             return new BlockArgument(
                     new BlockValue(
                             null,

src/main/java/carpet/script/argument/FileArgument.java

@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ public class FileArgument
         return "path: "+resource+" zip: "+zipContainer+" type: "+type.id+" folder: "+isFolder+" shared: "+isShared+" reason: "+reason.toString();
     }
 
-    public static FileArgument from(List<LazyValue> lv, Context c, boolean isFolder, Reason reason)
+    public static FileArgument from(List<Value> lv, boolean isFolder, Reason reason)
     {
         if (lv.size() < 2) throw new InternalExpressionException("File functions require path and type as first two arguments");
-        Pair<String, String> resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(0).evalValue(c), isFolder);
+        Pair<String, String> resource = recognizeResource(lv.get(0), isFolder);
-        String origtype = lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        String origtype = lv.get(1).getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         boolean shared = origtype.startsWith("shared_");
         String typeString = shared ? origtype.substring(7) : origtype; //len(shared_)
         Type type = Type.of.get(typeString);

src/main/java/carpet/script/argument/FunctionArgument.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package carpet.script.argument;
 
 import carpet.script.Context;
+import carpet.script.Fluff;
 import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.ScriptHost;
 import carpet.script.bundled.Module;
@@ -15,12 +16,12 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
-public class FunctionArgument<T> extends Argument
+public class FunctionArgument extends Argument
 {
     public FunctionValue function;
-    public List<T> args;
+    public List<Value> args;
 
-    private FunctionArgument(FunctionValue function, int offset, List<T> args)
+    private FunctionArgument(FunctionValue function, int offset, List<Value> args)
     {
         super(offset);
         this.function = function;
@@ -38,18 +39,18 @@ public class FunctionArgument<T> extends Argument
      *                  if the number of supplied arguments is right
      * @return argument data
      */
-    public static FunctionArgument<LazyValue> findIn(
+    public static FunctionArgument findIn(
             Context c,
             Module module,
-            List<LazyValue> params,
+            List<Value> params,
             int offset,
             boolean allowNone,
             boolean checkArgs)
     {
-        Value functionValue = params.get(offset).evalValue(c);
+        Value functionValue = params.get(offset);
         if (functionValue.isNull())
         {
-            if (allowNone) return new FunctionArgument<>(null, offset+1, Collections.emptyList());
+            if (allowNone) return new FunctionArgument(null, offset+1, Collections.emptyList());
             throw new InternalExpressionException("function argument cannot be null");
         }
         if (!(functionValue instanceof FunctionValue))
@@ -67,12 +68,12 @@ public class FunctionArgument<T> extends Argument
             if (extraargs > 0 && fun.getVarArgs() == null)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Function " + fun.getPrettyString() + " requires " + fun.getArguments().size() + " arguments");
         }
-        List<LazyValue> lvargs = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Value> lvargs = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = offset+1, mx = params.size(); i < mx; i++) lvargs.add(params.get(i));
-        return new FunctionArgument<>(fun, offset + 1 + argsize, lvargs);
+        return new FunctionArgument(fun, offset + 1 + argsize, lvargs);
     }
 
-    public static FunctionArgument<Value> fromCommandSpec(ScriptHost host, Value funSpec) throws CommandSyntaxException {
+    public static FunctionArgument fromCommandSpec(ScriptHost host, Value funSpec) throws CommandSyntaxException {
         FunctionValue function;
         List<Value> args = Collections.emptyList();
         if (!(funSpec instanceof ListValue))
@@ -92,6 +93,11 @@ public class FunctionArgument<T> extends Argument
         }
         if (params.size() > 1) args = params.subList(1,params.size());
 
-        return new FunctionArgument<>(function, 0, args);
+        return new FunctionArgument(function, 0, args);
+    }
+
+    public List<Value> checkedArgs() {
+        function.checkArgs(args.size());
+        return args;
     }
 }

src/main/java/carpet/script/argument/Vector3Argument.java

@@ -47,66 +47,12 @@ public class Vector3Argument extends Argument
         return this;
     }
 
-
+    public static Vector3Argument findIn(List<Value> params, int offset)
-    public static Vector3Argument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset)
     {
-        return findIn(c,params, offset, false, false);
+        return findIn(params, offset, false, false);
     }
 
-    public static Vector3Argument findIn(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset, boolean optionalDirection, boolean optionalEntity)
+    public static Vector3Argument findIn(List<Value> params, int offset, boolean optionalDirection, boolean optionalEntity)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            Value v1 = params.get(0 + offset).evalValue(c);
-            if (v1 instanceof BlockValue)
-            {
-                // pos + 0.5v
-                return (new Vector3Argument(Vec3d.ofCenter(((BlockValue) v1).getPos()), 1+offset)).fromBlock();
-            }
-            if (optionalEntity && v1 instanceof EntityValue)
-            {
-                Entity e = ((EntityValue) v1).getEntity();
-                return new Vector3Argument(e.getPos(), 1+offset).withEntity(e);
-            }
-            if (v1 instanceof ListValue)
-            {
-                List<Value> args = ((ListValue) v1).getItems();
-                Vec3d pos = new Vec3d(
-                        NumericValue.asNumber(args.get(0)).getDouble(),
-                        NumericValue.asNumber(args.get(1)).getDouble(),
-                        NumericValue.asNumber(args.get(2)).getDouble());
-                double yaw = 0.0D;
-                double pitch = 0.0D;
-                if (args.size()>3 && optionalDirection)
-                {
-                    yaw = NumericValue.asNumber(args.get(3)).getDouble();
-                    pitch = NumericValue.asNumber(args.get(4)).getDouble();
-                }
-                return new Vector3Argument(pos,offset+1, yaw, pitch);
-            }
-            Vec3d pos = new Vec3d(
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(v1).getDouble(),
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(1 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble(),
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(2 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble());
-            double yaw = 0.0D;
-            double pitch = 0.0D;
-            int eatenLength = 3;
-            if (params.size()>3+offset && optionalDirection)
-            {
-                yaw = NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(3 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
-                pitch = NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(4 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
-                eatenLength = 5;
-            }
-
-            return new Vector3Argument(pos,offset+eatenLength, yaw, pitch);
-        }
-        catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e)
-        {
-            throw new InternalExpressionException("Position argument should be defined either by three coordinates (a triple or by three arguments), or a positioned block value");
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static Vector3Argument findIn(List<Value> params, int offset, boolean optionalDirection)
     {
         try
         {
@@ -115,6 +61,11 @@ public class Vector3Argument extends Argument
             {
                 return (new Vector3Argument(Vec3d.ofCenter(((BlockValue) v1).getPos()), 1+offset)).fromBlock();
             }
+            if (optionalEntity && v1 instanceof EntityValue)
+            {
+                Entity e = ((EntityValue) v1).getEntity();
+                return new Vector3Argument(e.getPos(), 1+offset).withEntity(e);
+            }
             if (v1 instanceof ListValue)
             {
                 List<Value> args = ((ListValue) v1).getItems();

src/main/java/carpet/script/command/CommandArgument.java

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ public abstract class CommandArgument
     protected boolean needsMatching;
     protected boolean caseSensitive = true;
     protected SuggestionProvider<ServerCommandSource> suggestionProvider;
-    protected FunctionArgument<Value> customSuggester;
+    protected FunctionArgument customSuggester;
 
 
     protected CommandArgument(

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Arithmetic.java

@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ public class Arithmetic {
         expression.addMathematicalUnaryIntFunction("floor", n -> (long)Math.floor(n));
         expression.addMathematicalUnaryIntFunction("ceil",  n -> (long)Math.ceil(n));
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("mandelbrot", 3, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("mandelbrot", 3, (c, t, lv) -> {
-            double a0 = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+            double a0 = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0)).getDouble();
-            double b0 = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1).evalValue(c)).getDouble();
+            double b0 = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1)).getDouble();
-            long maxiter = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2).evalValue(c)).getLong();
+            long maxiter = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2)).getLong();
             double a = 0.0D;
             double b = 0.0D;
             long iter = 0;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public class Arithmetic {
                 iter++;
             }
             long iFinal = iter;
-            return (cc, tt) -> new NumericValue(iFinal);
+            return new NumericValue(iFinal);
         });
 
         expression.addFunction("max", (lv) ->

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/ControlFlow.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 public class ControlFlow {
     public static void apply(Expression expression) // public just to get the javadoc right
     {
+        // needs to be lazy cause of custom contextualization
         expression.addLazyBinaryOperator(";", Operators.precedence.get("nextop;"), true, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             lv1.evalValue(c, Context.VOID);
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ public class ControlFlow {
             return (cc, tt) -> v2;
         });
 
-        // if(cond1, expr1, cond2, expr2, ..., ?default) => value
+        // obvious lazy due to conditional evaluation of arguments
         expression.addLazyFunction("if", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if ( lv.size() < 2 )
@@ -51,23 +52,24 @@ public class ControlFlow {
 
         expression.addFunction("exit", (lv) -> { throw new ExitStatement(lv.size()==0?Value.NULL:lv.get(0)); });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("throw", -1, (c, t, lv)-> 
+        expression.addFunction("throw", lv->
         {
             switch (lv.size()) 
             {
                 case 0:
                     throw new ThrowStatement(Value.NULL, Throwables.USER_DEFINED);
                 case 1:
-                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(0).evalValue(c), Throwables.USER_DEFINED );
+                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(0), Throwables.USER_DEFINED );
                 case 2:
-                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(1).evalValue(c), Throwables.getTypeForException(lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString()));
+                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(1), Throwables.getTypeForException(lv.get(0).getString()));
                 case 3:
-                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(2).evalValue(c), Throwables.getTypeForException(lv.get(1).evalValue(c).getString()), lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString());
+                    throw new ThrowStatement(lv.get(2), Throwables.getTypeForException(lv.get(1).getString()), lv.get(0).getString());
                 default:
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("throw() can't accept more than 3 parameters");
             }
         });
 
+        // needs to be lazy since execution of parameters but first one are conditional
         expression.addLazyFunction("try", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size()==0)

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/DataStructures.java

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ public class DataStructures {
             return ListValue.wrap(toSort);
         });
 
+        // needs lazy cause sort function is reused
         expression.addLazyFunction("sort_key", -1, (c, t, lv) ->  //get working with iterators
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
@@ -121,7 +122,8 @@ public class DataStructures {
             });
             //revering scope
             c.setVariable("_", __);
-            return (cc, tt) -> ListValue.wrap(toSort);
+            Value ret = ListValue.wrap(toSort);
+            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
         expression.addFunction("range", (lv) ->
@@ -147,18 +149,14 @@ public class DataStructures {
                     : LazyListValue.rangeDouble(from.getDouble(), to.getDouble(), step.getDouble());
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("m", -1, (c, t, llv) ->
+        expression.addTypedContextFunction("m", -1, Context.MAPDEF, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            List<Value> lv = new ArrayList<>();
-            for (LazyValue lazyParam : llv) {
-                lv.add(lazyParam.evalValue(c, Context.MAPDEF)); // none type default by design
-            }
             Value ret;
             if (lv.size() == 1 && lv.get(0) instanceof LazyListValue)
                 ret = new MapValue(((LazyListValue) lv.get(0)).unroll());
             else
                 ret = new MapValue(lv);
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
+            return ret;
         });
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("keys", v ->
@@ -184,41 +182,23 @@ public class DataStructures {
             return Value.NULL;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyBinaryOperator(":", Operators.precedence.get("attribute~:"),true, (c, t, container_lv, key_lv) ->
+        expression.addBinaryContextOperator(":", Operators.precedence.get("attribute~:"),true, (c, t, container, address) ->
         {
-            Value container = container_lv.evalValue(c);
             if (container instanceof LContainerValue)
             {
                 ContainerValueInterface outerContainer = ((LContainerValue) container).getContainer();
-                if (outerContainer == null)
+                if (outerContainer == null) return LContainerValue.NULL_CONTAINER;
-                {
-                    Value innerLValue = new LContainerValue(null, null);
-                    return (cc, tt) -> innerLValue;
-                }
                 Value innerContainer = outerContainer.get(((LContainerValue) container).getAddress());
-                if (!(innerContainer instanceof  ContainerValueInterface))
+                if (!(innerContainer instanceof  ContainerValueInterface)) return LContainerValue.NULL_CONTAINER;
-                {
+                return new LContainerValue((ContainerValueInterface) innerContainer, address);
-                    Value innerLValue = new LContainerValue(null, null);
-                    return (cc, tt) -> innerLValue;
-                }
-                Value innerLValue = new LContainerValue((ContainerValueInterface) innerContainer, key_lv.evalValue(c));
-                return (cc, tt) -> innerLValue;
             }
             if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface))
-                if (t == Context.LVALUE)
+                return t == Context.LVALUE ? LContainerValue.NULL_CONTAINER : Value.NULL;
-                    return (cc, tt) -> new LContainerValue(null, null);
+            if (t != Context.LVALUE) return ((ContainerValueInterface) container).get(address);
-                else
+            return new LContainerValue((ContainerValueInterface) container, address);
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
-            Value address = key_lv.evalValue(c);
-            if (t != Context.LVALUE)
-            {
-                Value retVal = ((ContainerValueInterface) container).get(address);
-                return (cc, ct) -> retVal;
-            }
-            Value retVal = new LContainerValue((ContainerValueInterface) container, address);
-            return (cc, ct) -> retVal;
         });
 
+        // lazy cause conditional typing - questionable
         expression.addLazyFunction("get", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
@@ -227,10 +207,10 @@ public class DataStructures {
             {
                 Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c, Context.LVALUE);
                 if (!(v  instanceof LContainerValue))
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 ContainerValueInterface container = ((LContainerValue) v).getContainer();
                 if (container == null)
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 Value ret = container.get(((LContainerValue) v).getAddress());
                 return (cc, tt) -> ret;
             }
@@ -246,6 +226,7 @@ public class DataStructures {
             return (cc, tt) -> finalContainer;
         });
 
+        // same as `get`
         expression.addLazyFunction("has", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
@@ -254,25 +235,26 @@ public class DataStructures {
             {
                 Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c, Context.LVALUE);
                 if (!(v  instanceof LContainerValue))
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 ContainerValueInterface container = ((LContainerValue) v).getContainer();
                 if (container == null)
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 Value ret = new NumericValue(container.has(((LContainerValue) v).getAddress()));
                 return (cc, tt) -> ret;
             }
             Value container = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
             for (int i = 1; i < lv.size()-1; i++)
             {
-                if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface)) return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface)) return LazyValue.NULL;
                 container = ((ContainerValueInterface) container).get(lv.get(i).evalValue(c));
             }
             if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface))
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                return LazyValue.NULL;
             Value ret = new NumericValue(((ContainerValueInterface) container).has(lv.get(lv.size()-1).evalValue(c)));
             return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
+        // same as `get`
         expression.addLazyFunction("put", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if(lv.size()<2)
@@ -285,7 +267,7 @@ public class DataStructures {
                 ContainerValueInterface internalContainer = ((LContainerValue) container).getContainer();
                 if (internalContainer == null)
                 {
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 }
                 Value address = ((LContainerValue) container).getAddress();
                 Value what = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
@@ -301,7 +283,7 @@ public class DataStructures {
             }
             if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface))
             {
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                return LazyValue.NULL;
             }
             Value where = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
             Value what = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
@@ -311,6 +293,7 @@ public class DataStructures {
             return (cc, tt) -> retVal;
         });
 
+        // same as `get`
         expression.addLazyFunction("delete", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
@@ -319,21 +302,21 @@ public class DataStructures {
             {
                 Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c, Context.LVALUE);
                 if (!(v  instanceof LContainerValue))
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 ContainerValueInterface container = ((LContainerValue) v).getContainer();
                 if (container == null)
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                    return LazyValue.NULL;
                 Value ret = new NumericValue(container.delete(((LContainerValue) v).getAddress()));
                 return (cc, tt) -> ret;
             }
             Value container = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
             for (int i = 1; i < lv.size()-1; i++)
             {
-                if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface)) return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface)) return LazyValue.NULL;
                 container = ((ContainerValueInterface) container).get(lv.get(i).evalValue(c));
             }
             if (!(container instanceof ContainerValueInterface))
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                return LazyValue.NULL;
             Value ret = new NumericValue(((ContainerValueInterface) container).delete(lv.get(lv.size()-1).evalValue(c)));
             return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Functions.java

@@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ package carpet.script.language;
 
 import carpet.script.Context;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
-import carpet.script.LazyValue;
+import carpet.script.Fluff;
 import carpet.script.argument.FunctionArgument;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.exception.ReturnStatement;
+import carpet.script.value.AbstractListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.FunctionSignatureValue;
+import carpet.script.value.FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue;
 import carpet.script.value.FunctionValue;
 import carpet.script.value.FunctionAnnotationValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.StringValue;
 import carpet.script.value.Value;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -22,20 +25,20 @@ public class Functions {
     public static void apply(Expression expression) // public just to get the javadoc right
     {
         // artificial construct to handle user defined functions and function definitions
-        expression.addLazyFunction("import", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("import", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() < 1) throw new InternalExpressionException("'import' needs at least a module name to import, and list of values to import");
-            String moduleName = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String moduleName = lv.get(0).getString();
             c.host.importModule(c, moduleName);
             moduleName = moduleName.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             if (lv.size() > 1)
-                c.host.importNames(c, expression.module, moduleName, lv.subList(1, lv.size()).stream().map((l) -> l.evalValue(c).getString()).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+                c.host.importNames(c, expression.module, moduleName, lv.subList(1, lv.size()).stream().map(Value::getString).collect(Collectors.toList()));
             if (t == Context.VOID)
-                return LazyValue.NULL;
+                return Value.NULL;
-            ListValue list = ListValue.wrap(c.host.availableImports(moduleName).map(StringValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+            return ListValue.wrap(c.host.availableImports(moduleName).map(StringValue::new).collect(Collectors.toList()));
-            return (cc, tt) -> list;
         });
 
+        // needs to be lazy because of custom context of execution of arguments as a signature
         expression.addLazyFunctionWithDelegation("call",-1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) ->
         { // adjust based on c
             if (lv.size() == 0)
@@ -43,7 +46,8 @@ public class Functions {
             //lv.remove(lv.size()-1); // aint gonna cut it // maybe it will because of the eager eval changes
             if (t != Context.SIGNATURE) // just call the function
             {
-                FunctionArgument<LazyValue> functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 0, false, true);
+                List<Value> args = Fluff.AbstractFunction.unpackLazy(lv, c, Context.NONE);
+                FunctionArgument functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, args, 0, false, true);
                 FunctionValue fun = functionArgument.function;
                 return fun.callInContext(c, t, functionArgument.args);
             }
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ public class Functions {
                 }
                 if (v instanceof FunctionAnnotationValue)
                 {
-                    if (((FunctionAnnotationValue) v).type == 0)
+                    if (((FunctionAnnotationValue) v).type == FunctionAnnotationValue.Type.GLOBAL)
                     {
                         globals.add(v.boundVariable);
                     }
@@ -81,22 +85,38 @@ public class Functions {
             return (cc, tt) -> retval;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("outer", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("outer", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (t != Context.LOCALIZATION)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Outer scoping of variables is only possible in function signatures.");
-            return (cc, tt) -> new FunctionAnnotationValue(lv.get(0).evalValue(c), 0);
+            return new FunctionAnnotationValue(lv.get(0), FunctionAnnotationValue.Type.GLOBAL);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyUnaryOperator("...", Operators.precedence.get("def->..."), false, (c, t, lv) ->
+        // lazy because of typed evaluation of the argument
+        expression.addLazyUnaryOperator("...", Operators.precedence.get("unary+-!..."), false, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            if (t != Context.LOCALIZATION)
+            if (t == Context.LOCALIZATION)
-                throw new InternalExpressionException("That functionality has not been implemented yet.");
+                return (cc, tt) -> new FunctionAnnotationValue(lv.evalValue(c), FunctionAnnotationValue.Type.VARARG);
-            return (cc, tt) -> new FunctionAnnotationValue(lv.evalValue(c), 1);
+
+            Value params = lv.evalValue(c, t);
+            FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue fuaval;
+            if (params instanceof ListValue)
+            {
+                fuaval = new FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue(((ListValue) params).getItems());
+                return (cc, tt) -> fuaval;
+            }
+            if (!(params instanceof AbstractListValue))
+                throw new InternalExpressionException("Unable to unpack a non-list");
+            fuaval = new FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue(
+                    ImmutableList.copyOf(((AbstractListValue) params).iterator())
+            );
+            return (cc, tt) -> fuaval;
+            //throw new InternalExpressionException("That functionality has not been implemented yet.");
         });
 
         //assigns const procedure to the lhs, returning its previous value
-        expression.addLazyBinaryOperatorWithDelegation("->", Operators.precedence.get("def->..."), false, (c, type, e, t, lv1, lv2) ->
+        // must be lazy due to RHS being an expression to save to execute
+        expression.addLazyBinaryOperatorWithDelegation("->", Operators.precedence.get("def->"), false, (c, type, e, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             if (type == Context.MAPDEF)
             {

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Loops.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ public class Loops {
             throw new InternalExpressionException("'continue' can only be called with zero or one argument");
         });
 
+        // lazy
         expression.addLazyFunction("while", 3, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             long limit = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1).evalValue(c)).getLong();

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Operators.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 public class Operators {
     public static final Map<String, Integer> precedence = new HashMap<String,Integer>() {{
         put("attribute~:", 80);
-        put("unary+-!", 60);
+        put("unary+-!...", 60);
         put("exponent^", 40);
         put("multiplication*/%", 30);
         put("addition+-", 20);
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class Operators {
         put("and&&", 5);
         put("or||", 4);
         put("assign=<>", 3);
-        put("def->...", 2);
+        put("def->", 2);
         put("nextop;", 1);
     }};
 
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public class Operators {
         expression.addBinaryOperator("^", precedence.get("exponent^"), false, (v1, v2) ->
                 new NumericValue(java.lang.Math.pow(NumericValue.asNumber(v1).getDouble(), NumericValue.asNumber(v2).getDouble())));
 
+        // lazy cause RHS is only conditional
         expression.addLazyBinaryOperator("&&", precedence.get("and&&"), false, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             Value v1 = lv1.evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN);
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ public class Operators {
             return lv2;
         });
 
+        // lazy cause RHS is only conditional
         expression.addLazyBinaryOperator("||", precedence.get("or||"), false, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             Value v1 = lv1.evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN);
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ public class Operators {
         expression.addBinaryOperator("!=", precedence.get("equal==!="), false, (v1, v2) ->
                 v1.equals(v2) ? Value.FALSE : Value.TRUE);
 
+        // lazy cause of assignment which is non-trivial
         expression.addLazyBinaryOperator("=", precedence.get("assign=<>"), false, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             Value v1 = lv1.evalValue(c, Context.LVALUE);
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ public class Operators {
             return boundedLHS;
         });
 
+        // lazy due to assignment
         expression.addLazyBinaryOperator("+=", precedence.get("assign=<>"), false, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
         {
             Value v1 = lv1.evalValue(c, Context.LVALUE);
@@ -171,10 +175,8 @@ public class Operators {
             return boundedLHS;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyBinaryOperator("<>", precedence.get("assign=<>"), false, (c, t, lv1, lv2) ->
+        expression.addBinaryContextOperator("<>", precedence.get("assign=<>"), false, (c, t, v1, v2) ->
         {
-            Value v1 = lv1.evalValue(c);
-            Value v2 = lv2.evalValue(c);
             if (v1 instanceof ListValue.ListConstructorValue && v2 instanceof ListValue.ListConstructorValue)
             {
                 List<Value> ll = ((ListValue)v1).getItems();
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ public class Operators {
                     expression.setAnyVariable(c, lname, (cc, tt) -> rval);
                     expression.setAnyVariable(c, rname, (cc, tt) -> lval);
                 }
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.TRUE;
+                return Value.TRUE;
             }
             v1.assertAssignable();
             v2.assertAssignable();
@@ -206,14 +208,17 @@ public class Operators {
             Value rval = v1.reboundedTo(rvalvar);
             expression.setAnyVariable(c, lvalvar, (cc, tt) -> lval);
             expression.setAnyVariable(c, rvalvar, (cc, tt) -> rval);
-            return (cc, tt) -> lval;
+            return lval;
         });
 
         expression.addUnaryOperator("-",  false, v -> NumericValue.asNumber(v).opposite());
 
         expression.addUnaryOperator("+", false, NumericValue::asNumber);
 
-        expression.addLazyUnaryOperator("!", precedence.get("unary+-!"), false, (c, t, lv)-> lv.evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN).getBoolean() ? (cc, tt)-> Value.FALSE : (cc, tt) -> Value.TRUE); // might need context boolean
+        // could be non-lazy, but who cares - its a small one.
+        expression.addLazyUnaryOperator("!", precedence.get("unary+-!..."), false, (c, t, lv) ->
+                lv.evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN).getBoolean() ? (cc, tt)-> Value.FALSE : (cc, tt) -> Value.TRUE
+        ); // might need context boolean
 
     }
 }

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Sys.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import carpet.script.ScriptHost;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.utils.PerlinNoiseSampler;
 import carpet.script.utils.SimplexNoiseSampler;
+import carpet.script.value.BooleanValue;
 import carpet.script.value.FunctionValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ListValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NullValue;
@@ -37,19 +38,15 @@ public class Sys {
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("copy", Value::deepcopy);
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("bool", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addTypedContextFunction("bool", 1, Context.BOOLEAN, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            Value v = lv.get(0).evalValue(c, Context.BOOLEAN);
+            Value v = lv.get(0);
             if (v instanceof StringValue)
             {
-                String str = v.getString();
+                String str = v.getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
-                if ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(str) || "null".equalsIgnoreCase(str))
+                if ("false".equals(str) || "null".equals(str)) return Value.FALSE;
-                {
-                    return (cc, tt) -> Value.FALSE;
-                }
             }
-            Value retval = v.getBoolean()?Value.TRUE:Value.FALSE;
+            return BooleanValue.of(v.getBoolean());
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
         });
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("number", v ->
@@ -187,45 +184,40 @@ public class Sys {
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("type", v -> new StringValue(v.getTypeString()));
         expression.addUnaryFunction("length", v -> new NumericValue(v.length()));
-        expression.addLazyFunction("rand", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("rand", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             int argsize = lv.size();
             Random randomizer = Sys.randomizer;
             if (argsize != 1 && argsize != 2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'rand' takes one (range) or two arguments (range and seed)");
-            if (argsize == 2) randomizer = c.host.getRandom(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1).evalValue(c)).getLong());
+            if (argsize == 2) randomizer = c.host.getRandom(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1)).getLong());
-            Value argument = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value argument = lv.get(0);
             if (argument instanceof ListValue)
             {
                 List<Value> list = ((ListValue) argument).getItems();
-                Value retval = list.get(randomizer.nextInt(list.size()));
+                return list.get(randomizer.nextInt(list.size()));
-                return (cc, tt) -> retval;
             }
+            double value = NumericValue.asNumber(argument).getDouble()*randomizer.nextDouble();
             if (t == Context.BOOLEAN)
-            {
+                return BooleanValue.of(value >= 1.0D);
-                double rv = NumericValue.asNumber(argument).getDouble()*randomizer.nextFloat();
+            return new NumericValue(value);
-                Value retval = rv<1.0D?Value.FALSE:Value.TRUE;
-                return (cc, tt) -> retval;
-            }
-            Value retval = new NumericValue(NumericValue.asNumber(argument).getDouble()*randomizer.nextDouble());
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
         });
-        expression.addLazyFunction("reset_seed", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
+        expression.addContextFunction("reset_seed", 1, (c, t, lv) -> {
-            boolean gotIt = c.host.resetRandom(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getLong());
+            boolean gotIt = c.host.resetRandom(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0)).getLong());
-            return gotIt?LazyValue.TRUE:LazyValue.FALSE;
+            return BooleanValue.of(gotIt);
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("perlin", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addFunction("perlin", lv ->
         {
             PerlinNoiseSampler sampler;
             Value x, y, z;
 
             if (lv.size() >= 4)
             {
-                x = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+                x = lv.get(0);
-                y = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+                y = lv.get(1);
-                z = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                z = lv.get(2);
-                sampler = PerlinNoiseSampler.getPerlin(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3).evalValue(c)).getLong());
+                sampler = PerlinNoiseSampler.getPerlin(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3)).getLong());
             }
             else
             {
@@ -234,12 +226,12 @@ public class Sys {
                 z = Value.NULL;
                 if (lv.size() == 0 )
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("'perlin' requires at least one dimension to sample from");
-                x = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c));
+                x = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0));
                 if (lv.size() > 1)
                 {
-                    y = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
+                    y = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1));
                     if (lv.size() > 2)
-                        z = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2).evalValue(c));
+                        z = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -255,21 +247,20 @@ public class Sys {
                         NumericValue.asNumber(x).getDouble(),
                         NumericValue.asNumber(y).getDouble(),
                         NumericValue.asNumber(z).getDouble());
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(result);
+            return new NumericValue(result);
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("simplex", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addFunction("simplex", lv ->
         {
             SimplexNoiseSampler sampler;
             Value x, y, z;
 
             if (lv.size() >= 4)
             {
-                x = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+                x = lv.get(0);
-                y = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
+                y = lv.get(1);
-                z = lv.get(2).evalValue(c);
+                z = lv.get(2);
-                sampler = SimplexNoiseSampler.getSimplex(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3).evalValue(c)).getLong());
+                sampler = SimplexNoiseSampler.getSimplex(NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(3)).getLong());
             }
             else
             {
@@ -277,10 +268,10 @@ public class Sys {
                 z = Value.NULL;
                 if (lv.size() < 2 )
                     throw new InternalExpressionException("'simplex' requires at least two dimensions to sample from");
-                x = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c));
+                x = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0));
-                y = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
+                y = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(1));
                 if (lv.size() > 2)
-                    z = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2).evalValue(c));
+                    z = NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(2));
             }
             double result;
 
@@ -291,8 +282,7 @@ public class Sys {
                         NumericValue.asNumber(x).getDouble(),
                         NumericValue.asNumber(y).getDouble(),
                         NumericValue.asNumber(z).getDouble());
-            Value ret = new NumericValue(result);
+            return new NumericValue(result);
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
         });
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("print", (v) ->
@@ -301,17 +291,11 @@ public class Sys {
             return v; // pass through for variables
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                new NumericValue((System.nanoTime() / 1000.0) / 1000.0));
-            Value time = new NumericValue((System.nanoTime() / 1000) / 1000.0);
-            return (cc, tt) -> time;
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("unix_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("unix_time", 0, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                new NumericValue(System.currentTimeMillis()));
-            Value time = new NumericValue(System.currentTimeMillis());
-            return (cc, tt) -> time;
-        });
 
         expression.addFunction("convert_date", lv ->
         {
@@ -324,7 +308,7 @@ public class Sys {
                 cal.setTimeInMillis(NumericValue.asNumber(value, "timestamp").getLong());
                 int weekday = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)-1;
                 if (weekday == 0) weekday = 7;
-                Value retVal = ListValue.ofNums(
+                return ListValue.ofNums(
                         cal.get(Calendar.YEAR),
                         cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1,
                         cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH),
@@ -335,7 +319,6 @@ public class Sys {
                         cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR),
                         cal.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR)
                 );
-                return retVal;
             }
             else if(value instanceof ListValue)
             {
@@ -367,6 +350,7 @@ public class Sys {
             return new NumericValue(cal.getTimeInMillis());
         });
 
+        // lazy cause evaluates expression multiple times
         expression.addLazyFunction("profile_expr", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             LazyValue lazy = lv.get(0);
@@ -381,19 +365,16 @@ public class Sys {
             return (cc, tt) -> res;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("var", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("var", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                expression.getOrSetAnyVariable(c, lv.get(0).getString()).evalValue(c));
-            String varname = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
-            return expression.getOrSetAnyVariable(c, varname);
-        });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("undef", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("undef", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            Value remove = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value remove = lv.get(0);
             if (remove instanceof FunctionValue)
             {
                 c.host.delFunction(expression.module, remove.getString());
-                return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+                return Value.NULL;
             }
             String varname = remove.getString();
             boolean isPrefix = varname.endsWith("*");
@@ -423,13 +404,13 @@ public class Sys {
                     c.delVariable(varname);
                 }
             }
-            return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+            return Value.NULL;
         });
 
         //deprecate
-        expression.addLazyFunction("vars", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("vars", 1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
-            String prefix = lv.get(0).evalValue(c).getString();
+            String prefix = lv.get(0).getString();
             List<Value> values = new ArrayList<>();
             if (prefix.startsWith("global"))
             {
@@ -439,30 +420,25 @@ public class Sys {
             {
                 c.getAllVariableNames().stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith(prefix)).forEach(s -> values.add(new StringValue(s)));
             }
-            Value retval = ListValue.wrap(values);
+            return ListValue.wrap(values);
-            return (cc, tt) -> retval;
         });
 
+        // lazy cause default expression may not be executed if not needed
         expression.addLazyFunction("system_variable_get", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0) throw new InternalExpressionException("'system_variable_get' expects at least a key to be fetched");
             Value key = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
-            if (lv.size() > 1)
+            if (lv.size() > 1) ScriptHost.systemGlobals.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
-            {
-                ScriptHost.systemGlobals.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> lv.get(1).evalValue(c));
-            }
             Value res = ScriptHost.systemGlobals.get(key);
             if (res!=null) return (cc, tt) -> res;
-            return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+            return LazyValue.NULL;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("system_variable_set", 2, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addBinaryFunction("system_variable_set", (key, value) ->
         {
-            Value key = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
-            Value value = lv.get(1).evalValue(c);
             Value res = ScriptHost.systemGlobals.put(key, value);
-            if (res!=null) return (cc, tt) -> res;
+            if (res!=null) return res;
-            return (cc, tt) -> Value.NULL;
+            return Value.NULL;
         });
     }
 }

src/main/java/carpet/script/language/Threading.java

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package carpet.script.language;
 
 import carpet.script.Expression;
-import carpet.script.LazyValue;
 import carpet.script.argument.FunctionArgument;
 import carpet.script.exception.ExitStatement;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
-import carpet.script.value.FunctionValue;
 import carpet.script.value.NumericValue;
 import carpet.script.value.ThreadValue;
 import carpet.script.value.Value;
@@ -14,35 +12,30 @@ public class Threading
 {
     public static void apply(Expression expression)
     {
-        expression.addLazyFunctionWithDelegation("task", -1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) ->
+        expression.addFunctionWithDelegation("task", -1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'task' requires at least function to call as a parameter");
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 0, false, true);
+            FunctionArgument functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 0, false, true);
-            ThreadValue thread = new ThreadValue(Value.NULL, functionArgument.function, expr, tok, c, FunctionValue.resolveArgs(functionArgument.args, c, t));
+            ThreadValue thread = new ThreadValue(Value.NULL, functionArgument.function, expr, tok, c, functionArgument.checkedArgs());
             Thread.yield();
-            return (cc, tt) -> thread;
+            return thread;
         });
 
-        expression.addLazyFunctionWithDelegation("task_thread", -1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) ->
+        expression.addFunctionWithDelegation("task_thread", -1, (c, t, expr, tok, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() < 2)
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("'task' requires at least function to call as a parameter");
-            Value queue = lv.get(0).evalValue(c);
+            Value queue = lv.get(0);
-            FunctionArgument<LazyValue> functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, false, true);
+            FunctionArgument functionArgument = FunctionArgument.findIn(c, expression.module, lv, 1, false, true);
-            ThreadValue thread = new ThreadValue(queue, functionArgument.function, expr, tok, c, FunctionValue.resolveArgs(functionArgument.args, c, t));
+            ThreadValue thread = new ThreadValue(queue, functionArgument.function, expr, tok, c, functionArgument.checkedArgs());
             Thread.yield();
-            return (cc, tt) -> thread;
+            return thread;
         });
 
 
-        expression.addLazyFunction("task_count", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
+        expression.addContextFunction("task_count", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
-        {
+                (lv.size() > 0)? new NumericValue(c.host.taskCount(lv.get(0))):new NumericValue(c.host.taskCount()));
-            Value ret = (lv.size() > 0)?
-                    new NumericValue(c.host.taskCount(lv.get(0).evalValue(c))):
-                    new NumericValue(c.host.taskCount());
-            return (cc, tt) -> ret;
-        });
 
         expression.addUnaryFunction("task_value", (v) ->
         {
@@ -72,6 +65,7 @@ public class Threading
             return new NumericValue(((ThreadValue) v).isFinished());
         });
 
+        // lazy cause expr is evaluated in the same type
         expression.addLazyFunction("synchronize", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             if (lv.size() == 0) throw new InternalExpressionException("'synchronize' require at least an expression to synchronize");
@@ -89,6 +83,7 @@ public class Threading
             }
         });
 
+        // lazy since exception expression is very conditional
         expression.addLazyFunction("sleep", -1, (c, t, lv) ->
         {
             long time = lv.isEmpty()?0L:NumericValue.asNumber(lv.get(0).evalValue(c)).getLong();

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/EntityValue.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package carpet.script.value;
 
+import carpet.CarpetServer;
 import carpet.fakes.BrainInterface;
 import carpet.fakes.EntityInterface;
 import carpet.fakes.ItemEntityInterface;
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import carpet.helpers.Tracer;
 import carpet.network.ServerNetworkHandler;
 import carpet.patches.EntityPlayerMPFake;
 import carpet.script.CarpetContext;
+import carpet.script.CarpetScriptServer;
 import carpet.script.EntityEventsGroup;
 import carpet.script.argument.Vector3Argument;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
@@ -917,9 +919,11 @@ public class EntityValue extends Value
         }
     }
 
-    private static void updateVelocity(Entity e)
+    private static void updateVelocity(Entity e, double scale)
     {
         e.velocityModified = true;
+        if (Math.abs(scale) > 10000)
+            CarpetScriptServer.LOG.warn("Moved entity "+e.getEntityName()+" "+e.getName()+" at " +e.getPos()+" extremly fast: "+e.getVelocity());
         //((ServerWorld)e.getEntityWorld()).method_14178().sendToNearbyPlayers(e, new EntityVelocityUpdateS2CPacket(e));
     }
 
@@ -1051,30 +1055,32 @@ public class EntityValue extends Value
                 throw new InternalExpressionException("Expected a list of 3 parameters as a second argument");
             }
             List<Value> coords = ((ListValue) v).getItems();
-            e.setVelocity(
+            double dx = NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(0)).getDouble();
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(0)).getDouble(),
+            double dy = NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(0)).getDouble();
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(1)).getDouble(),
+            double dz = NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(2)).getDouble();
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(2)).getDouble()
+            e.setVelocity(dx, dy, dz);
-            );
+            updateVelocity(e, MathHelper.absMax(MathHelper.absMax(dx, dy), dz));
-            updateVelocity(e);
         });
         put("motion_x", (e, v) ->
         {
             Vec3d velocity = e.getVelocity();
-            e.setVelocity(NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble(), velocity.y, velocity.z);
+            double dv = NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble();
-            updateVelocity(e);
+            e.setVelocity(dv, velocity.y, velocity.z);
+            updateVelocity(e, dv);
         });
         put("motion_y", (e, v) ->
         {
             Vec3d velocity = e.getVelocity();
-            e.setVelocity(velocity.x, NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble(), velocity.z);
+            double dv = NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble();
-            updateVelocity(e);
+            e.setVelocity(velocity.x, dv, velocity.z);
+            updateVelocity(e, dv);
         });
         put("motion_z", (e, v) ->
         {
             Vec3d velocity = e.getVelocity();
-            e.setVelocity(velocity.x, velocity.y, NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble());
+            double dv = NumericValue.asNumber(v).getDouble();
-            updateVelocity(e);
+            e.setVelocity(velocity.x, velocity.y, dv);
+            updateVelocity(e, dv);
         });
 
         put("accelerate", (e, v) ->
@@ -1089,7 +1095,7 @@ public class EntityValue extends Value
                     NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(1)).getDouble(),
                     NumericValue.asNumber(coords.get(2)).getDouble()
             );
-            updateVelocity(e);
+            updateVelocity(e, e.getVelocity().length());
 
         });
         put("custom_name", (e, v) -> {
@@ -1208,7 +1214,7 @@ public class EntityValue extends Value
             else if (v instanceof ListValue)
             {
                 List<Value> lv = ((ListValue) v).getItems();
-                Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 0, false);
+                Vector3Argument locator = Vector3Argument.findIn(lv, 0, false, false);
                 pos = new BlockPos(locator.vec.x, locator.vec.y, locator.vec.z);
                 if (lv.size() > locator.offset)
                 {
@@ -1237,7 +1243,7 @@ public class EntityValue extends Value
             else if (a instanceof ListValue)
             {
                 List<Value> params= ((ListValue) a).getItems();
-                Vector3Argument blockLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(params, 0, false);
+                Vector3Argument blockLocator = Vector3Argument.findIn(params, 0, false, false);
                 BlockPos pos = new BlockPos(blockLocator.vec);
                 RegistryKey<World> world = spe.getEntityWorld().getRegistryKey();
                 float angle = spe.getHeadYaw();

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/FunctionAnnotationValue.java

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ import net.minecraft.nbt.Tag;
 
 public class FunctionAnnotationValue extends Value
 {
-    // 0 global
+    public enum Type
-    // 1 vararg
+    {
-    public int type;
+        GLOBAL, VARARG
-    public FunctionAnnotationValue(Value variable, int type)
+    }
+    public Type type;
+    public FunctionAnnotationValue(Value variable, Type type)
     {
         if (variable.boundVariable == null)
             throw new InternalExpressionException("You can only borrow variables from the outer scope");

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package carpet.script.value;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue extends ListValue
+{
+    public FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue(List<Value> list) {
+        super(list);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Value clone()
+    {
+        return new FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue(items);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Value deepcopy()
+    {
+        ListValue copy = (ListValue)super.deepcopy();
+        return new FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue(copy.items);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/FunctionValue.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package carpet.script.value;
 
+import carpet.CarpetSettings;
 import carpet.script.Context;
 import carpet.script.Expression;
 import carpet.script.Fluff;
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ import carpet.script.exception.ContinueStatement;
 import carpet.script.exception.ExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.exception.InternalExpressionException;
 import carpet.script.exception.ReturnStatement;
-import carpet.script.exception.ThrowStatement;
 import net.minecraft.nbt.StringTag;
 import net.minecraft.nbt.Tag;
 
@@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ public class FunctionValue extends Value implements Fluff.ILazyFunction
         return varArgs != null;
     }
 
-    public LazyValue callInContext(Context c, Integer type, List<LazyValue> lazyParams)
+    public LazyValue callInContext(Context c, Integer type, List<Value> params)
     {
         try
         {
-            return lazyEval(c, type, expression, token, lazyParams);
+            return execute(c, type, expression, token, params);
         }
         catch (ExpressionException exc)
         {
@@ -173,15 +173,50 @@ public class FunctionValue extends Value implements Fluff.ILazyFunction
         }
     }
 
-    @Override
+    public void checkArgs(int candidates)
-    public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer type, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lazyParams)
     {
-        assertArgsOk(lazyParams, (fixedArgs) ->{
+        int actual = getArguments().size();
+
+        if (candidates < actual)
+            throw new InternalExpressionException("Function " + getPrettyString() + " requires at least " + actual + " arguments");
+        if (candidates > actual && getVarArgs() == null)
+            throw new InternalExpressionException("Function " + getPrettyString() + " requires " + actual + " arguments");
+    }
+
+    public static List<Value> unpackArgs(List<LazyValue> lazyParams, Context c)
+    {
+        // TODO we shoudn't need that if all fuctions are not lazy really
+        List<Value> params = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LazyValue lv : lazyParams)
+        {
+            Value param = lv.evalValue(c, Context.NONE);
+            if (param instanceof FunctionUnpackedArgumentsValue)
+            {
+                CarpetSettings.LOG.error("How did we get here?");
+                params.addAll(((ListValue) param).getItems());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                params.add(param);
+            }
+        }
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LazyValue lazyEval(Context c, Integer type, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<LazyValue> lazyParams) {
+        List<Value> resolvedParams = unpackArgs(lazyParams, c);
+        return execute(c, type, e, t, resolvedParams);
+    }
+
+    public LazyValue execute(Context c, Integer type, Expression e, Tokenizer.Token t, List<Value> params)
+    {
+        assertArgsOk(params, (fixedArgs) ->{
             if (fixedArgs)  // wrong number of args for fixed args
             {
                 throw new ExpressionException(c, e, t,
                         "Incorrect number of arguments for function "+name+
-                                ". Should be "+args.size()+", not "+lazyParams.size()+" like "+args
+                                ". Should be "+args.size()+", not "+params.size()+" like "+args
                 );
             }
             else  // too few args for varargs
@@ -190,7 +225,7 @@ public class FunctionValue extends Value implements Fluff.ILazyFunction
                 argList.add("... "+varArgs);
                 throw new ExpressionException(c, e, t,
                         "Incorrect number of arguments for function "+name+
-                                ". Should be at least "+args.size()+", not "+lazyParams.size()+" like "+argList
+                                ". Should be at least "+args.size()+", not "+params.size()+" like "+argList
                 );
             }
         });
@@ -200,15 +235,15 @@ public class FunctionValue extends Value implements Fluff.ILazyFunction
         for (int i=0; i<args.size(); i++)
         {
             String arg = args.get(i);
-            Value val = lazyParams.get(i).evalValue(c).reboundedTo(arg); // todo check if we need to copy that
+            Value val = params.get(i).reboundedTo(arg); // todo check if we need to copy that
             newFrame.setVariable(arg, (cc, tt) -> val);
         }
         if (varArgs != null)
         {
             List<Value> extraParams = new ArrayList<>();
-            for (int i = args.size(), mx = lazyParams.size(); i < mx; i++)
+            for (int i = args.size(), mx = params.size(); i < mx; i++)
             {
-                extraParams.add(lazyParams.get(i).evalValue(c).reboundedTo(null)); // copy by value I guess
+                extraParams.add(params.get(i).reboundedTo(null)); // copy by value I guess
             }
             Value rest = ListValue.wrap(extraParams).bindTo(varArgs); // didn't we just copied that?
             newFrame.setVariable(varArgs, (cc, tt) -> rest);
@@ -265,12 +300,6 @@ public class FunctionValue extends Value implements Fluff.ILazyFunction
             feedback.accept(false);
         }
     }
-    public static List<Value> resolveArgs(List<LazyValue> lzargs, Context c, Integer t)
-    {
-        List<Value> args = new ArrayList<>(lzargs.size());
-        lzargs.forEach( v -> args.add( v.evalValue(c, t)));
-        return args;
-    }
 
     public static List<LazyValue> lazify(List<Value> args)
     {

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/LContainerValue.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ public class LContainerValue extends FrameworkValue
 {
     private ContainerValueInterface container;
     private Value address;
+    public static final LContainerValue NULL_CONTAINER = new LContainerValue(null, null);
 
     public LContainerValue(ContainerValueInterface c, Value v)
     {

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/ListValue.java

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class ListValue extends AbstractListValue implements ContainerValueInterf
         items.addAll(list);
     }
 
-    private ListValue(List<Value> list)
+    protected ListValue(List<Value> list)
     {
         items = list;
     }

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/NBTSerializableValue.java

@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ public class NBTSerializableValue extends Value implements ContainerValueInterfa
         owned = true;
     }
 
+    public static Value of(Tag tag)
+    {
+        if (tag == null) return Value.NULL;
+        return new NBTSerializableValue(tag);
+    }
+
     public NBTSerializableValue(Supplier<Tag> tagSupplier)
     {
         nbtSupplier = tagSupplier;
@@ -178,29 +184,29 @@ public class NBTSerializableValue extends Value implements ContainerValueInterfa
         return inventory;
     }
 
-    public static InventoryLocator locateInventory(CarpetContext c, List<LazyValue> params, int offset)
+    public static InventoryLocator locateInventory(CarpetContext c, List<Value> params, int offset)
     {
         try
         {
-            Value v1 = params.get(offset).evalValue(c);
+            Value v1 = params.get(offset);
             if (v1.isNull())
             {
                 offset ++;
-                v1 = params.get(offset).evalValue(c);
+                v1 = params.get(offset);
             }
             else if (v1 instanceof StringValue)
             {
                 String strVal = v1.getString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                 if (strVal.equals("enderchest"))
                 {
-                    Value v2 = params.get(1 + offset).evalValue(c);
+                    Value v2 = params.get(1 + offset);
                     ServerPlayerEntity player = EntityValue.getPlayerByValue(c.s.getMinecraftServer(), v2);
                     if (player == null) throw new InternalExpressionException("enderchest inventory requires player argument");
                     return new InventoryLocator(player, player.getBlockPos(), player.getEnderChestInventory(), offset + 2, true);
                 }
                 if (strVal.equals("equipment"))
                 {
-                    Value v2 = params.get(1 + offset).evalValue(c);
+                    Value v2 = params.get(1 + offset);
                     if (!(v2 instanceof EntityValue)) throw new InternalExpressionException("Equipment inventory requires a living entity argument");
                     Entity e = ((EntityValue) v2).getEntity();
                     if (!(e instanceof LivingEntity)) throw new InternalExpressionException("Equipment inventory requires a living entity argument");
@@ -256,8 +262,8 @@ public class NBTSerializableValue extends Value implements ContainerValueInterfa
             }
             BlockPos pos = new BlockPos(
                     NumericValue.asNumber(v1).getDouble(),
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(1 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble(),
+                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(1 + offset)).getDouble(),
-                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(2 + offset).evalValue(c)).getDouble());
+                    NumericValue.asNumber(params.get(2 + offset)).getDouble());
             Inventory inv = getInventoryAt(c.s.getWorld(), pos);
             if (inv == null)
                 return null;

src/main/java/carpet/script/value/ThreadValue.java

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public class ThreadValue extends Value
                     {
                         try
                         {
-                            return function.lazyEval(ctx, Context.NONE, expr, token, FunctionValue.lazify(args)).evalValue(ctx);
+                            return function.execute(ctx, Context.NONE, expr, token, args).evalValue(ctx);
                         }
                         catch (ExitStatement exit)
                         {